Peptide finder

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Pick as many as you like. The number on each one is how many people it has been measured in across the whole archive. So you can see where the evidence is before you choose.

1. 01SeleniumSupplementModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 1 completed trial, 35,533 people given it.1 reported

   35,533 people1 study

   • Selenium did not prevent prostate cancer. A huge trial gave men selenium, vitamin E, both, or a dummy pill. None of it lowered prostate cancer. The claim that sold the bottles failed when it was tested at scale.

     JAMA, 2009 · 35,533 people

2. 02Vitamin DSupplementStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 25,871 people given it.4 reported

   25,871 people1 study

   • Vitamin D was tested properly, at scale, and it did not prevent cancer or heart disease. Nearly 26,000 adults were split by chance to take a daily vitamin D pill or a dummy pill. They were followed for more than five years. Neither of the two questions the trial was built to answer came out ahead. Most of these people...

     New England Journal of Medicine, 2019 · 25,871 people

3. 03InsulinPeptideStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 5 completed trials, 29,691 people given it.4 reported

   12,537 people1 study

   • Giving long-acting insulin early did not protect the heart, and it did not cause cancer either. 12,537 people with heart risk factors and blood sugar problems got insulin glargine or usual care, then were followed for about six years. Heart outcomes came out the same. Blood sugar dropping dangerously low was about...

     New England Journal of Medicine, 2012 · 12,537 people

4. 04AlbiglutideBiologicStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 10,304 people given it.

   9,463 people1 study

   • Albiglutide cut heart attacks, strokes and cardiac deaths in people with diabetes and heart disease. Nearly ten thousand adults across 28 countries were split by chance between the drug and a dummy injection, and followed for about a year and a half. Nobody involved knew which. Seven in a hundred on the drug had a...

     Lancet, 2018 · 9,463 people

5. 05Green tea extractSupplementModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 1 completed trial, 1,075 people given it.4 reported

   1,075 people1 study

   • A year of high dose green tea extract harmed the liver in a small but real share of women. 1,075 women past menopause took an extract with 843 mg of EGCG a day, or a dummy pill, for one year. Liver enzymes rose in 36 women on the extract against 4 on the dummy pill. Just over 1% had a liver problem serious enough to...

     Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2015 · 1,075 people

6. 06EGCGSupplementStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 1,172 people given it.5 reported

   1,075 people1 study

   • Green tea extract damaged some livers, at ten times the dummy group's rate. 1,075 women past menopause took an extract delivering 843 mg of EGCG a day, or a dummy, for a year. A liver enzyme rose in 36 women on the extract, 6.7 percent, against 4 on the dummy, 0.7 percent. 1.3 percent had a liver problem recorded as...

     Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2015 · 1,075 people

7. 07BPTESSmall moleculeModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 513 people given it.1 reported

   513 people2 studies

   • The only proper test of blocking this enzyme in people found nothing. 444 adults with advanced kidney cancer got telaglenastat plus the cancer drug cabozantinib, or a dummy pill plus cabozantinib. Both groups went about 9.2 and 9.3 months before their cancer grew again. That is the same result twice. Telaglenastat is...

     JAMA Oncology, 2022 · 444 people

   • A smaller study leaned toward the drug without settling anything. 69 adults with advanced kidney cancer got telaglenastat or a dummy pill, both along with the cancer drug everolimus. Two got the drug for every one on the dummy pill. Cancer took 3.8 months to grow again on the drug, against 1.9 months. The bar for...

     Clinical Cancer Research, 2022 · 69 people

8. 08TelaglenastatSmall moleculeModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 513 people given it.1 reported

   513 people2 studies1 found nothing

   • found nothingTelaglenastat was tested properly in a large study, and it did not work. 444 adults with advanced kidney cancer took telaglenastat or a dummy pill, both along with the cancer drug cabozantinib. The cancer grew again after 9.2 months on the drug and 9.3 months on the dummy pill. Tumours shrank in 31 percent against 28...

     JAMA Oncology, 2022 · 444 people

   • A second, smaller study hinted at a benefit and proved nothing. 69 adults with advanced kidney cancer, most already through three treatments, got telaglenastat or a dummy pill, both along with the cancer drug everolimus. Two got the drug for every one on the dummy pill. The cancer grew again after 3.8 months against...

     Clinical Cancer Research, 2022 · 69 people

9. 09TrametinibSmall moleculeStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 1,192 people given it.

   322 people1 study

   • In advanced melanoma with a BRAF mutation, trametinib on its own held the cancer back longer than chemotherapy and more people were alive at six months. Rash, diarrhoea and swelling were the common side effects. This is the trial that led to its approval as a single drug.

     The New England Journal of Medicine, 2012 · 322 people

10. 10GDF15BiologicModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 313 people given it.3 reported

    187 people1 study

    • Blocking GDF15 put weight back on people with cancer who were wasting away. 187 patients with cancer wasting and high GDF15 were put into four groups. Three got the antibody at rising doses. One got a dummy shot. Shots came every four weeks, three times. By twelve weeks the drug groups had gained about 1.2 to 2.8...

      New England Journal of Medicine, 2024 · 187 people

11. 11SulforaphaneSupplementModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 7 completed trials, 423 people given it.6 reported

    170 people1 study

    • Only the strongest dose did anything, and what it shifted was a chemical in urine. 170 adults in a polluted part of China were split by chance to a dummy drink or one of three strengths of broccoli sprout beverage, for 10 days. The top dose raised benzene clearance by 63.2 percent. The half dose and the fifth dose...

      American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2019 · 170 people

12. 12EnobosarmSmall moleculeModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 1 completed trial, 159 people given it.5 reported

    159 people1 study1 found nothing

    • found nothingMuscle did grow, in people who were losing it to cancer. 159 patients who had already lost weight took one of two doses of enobosarm or a dummy pill for up to about four months. Muscle mass rose on both doses, by roughly 1 to 1.5 kg, while the dummy group did not change. Here is the limit. Growing muscle is not the...

      The Lancet Oncology, 2013 · 159 people

13. 13LandogrozumabBiologicModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 726 people given it.

    125 people1 study

    • In people with pancreatic cancer, the antibody did not help and the treated groups did worse. 125 patients on chemotherapy were split by chance between two doses of the drug and a dummy injection. Those on the dummy lived about ten and a half months. On the lower dose it was just under ten months, and on the higher...

      ClinicalTrials.gov, 2015 · 125 people

14. 14NavitoclaxSmall moleculeModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 137 people given it.2 reported

    46 people1 study

    • Navitoclax on its own barely touched advanced ovarian cancer. 46 women whose cancer no longer responded to chemo took it, with no comparison group, after a median of four earlier treatments. One woman's tumour shrank. 15 saw theirs hold steady. Half were back to growing cancer within about seven weeks. In 12 of the...

      Gynecologic Oncology, 2022 · 46 people

15. 15Angiotensin-(1-7)PeptideLimited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 5 completed trials, 76 people given it.3 reported

    38 people2 studies

    • Given alone to people with an advanced cancer, it did not change the course of the disease. 20 people with sarcoma that had spread got a daily shot under the skin. Their cancer held off for about 2.7 months on average and they lived about 10.2 months. Two people with blood vessel tumours stayed stable far longer. A...

      Sarcoma, 2016 · 20 people

    • The first test in people was about safety, and it turned up serious harm at the top dose. 18 adults with advanced cancer got the peptide as a shot under the skin, daily for five days, with the dose raised group by group. At the highest dose one person had a severe stroke and another lost nerve function in the head,...

      Clinical Cancer Research, 2009 · 18 people

16. 16IO102-IO103PeptideModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 470 people given it.3 reported

    number of people not given1 study

    • This trial was stopped because the vaccine did not do what it was meant to. Seventeen people with head and neck cancer had enrolled. The sponsor recorded the reason for stopping as the study failing to hit its target. A university hospital ran it, not the maker. No results have been published. The record shows a trial...

      ClinicalTrials.gov, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, 2020 · number of people not given

17. 17LanreotidePeptideLimited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, none stating how many people.4 reported

    number of people not given1 study

    • Lanreotide slowed these tumours down, and that is a rare thing for a peptide to prove. 204 adults with advanced neuroendocrine tumours were split by chance. Half had a lanreotide shot every 28 days for up to two years. Half had a dummy shot, and nobody involved knew which. At two years, 65% of the lanreotide group...

      New England Journal of Medicine, 2014 · number of people not given

18. 18Zinc-L-carnosineSupplementLimited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, none stating how many people.2 reported

    number of people not given1 study

    • Zinc-L-carnosine cut swallowing trouble in women having radiotherapy after breast cancer surgery. People were assigned to groups by chance, and the trial reported that the supplement prevented the painful swallowing radiation can cause. This is a very short report, and the journal record has no summary, so neither the...

      The Breast Journal, 2020 · number of people not given

19. 19MecaserminPeptideLimited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, 76 people given it.6 reported

    199,698 people1 study

    • Men with naturally higher IGF-1 in their blood get prostate cancer somewhat more often. Nearly 200,000 men were followed for about seven years. 5,402 were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 295 died of it. The higher a man's level, the higher his risk, and a genetic analysis pointed the same way, which makes a real...

      International Journal of Cancer, 2021 · 199,698 people

20. 20MetforminSmall moleculeModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 489 people given it.6 reported

    3,234 people1 study

    • The longest follow-up in people we have found no drop in deaths. 3234 adults at high risk of diabetes were given metformin, an intensive lifestyle program, or a dummy pill. After a median 21 years, 453 had died. Neither metformin nor lifestyle cut deaths from any cause, cancer or heart disease. Preventing diabetes and...

      Diabetes Care, 2021 · 3,234 people

21. 21RuxolitinibSmall moleculeModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 1 completed trial, 309 people given it.

    number of people not given1 study

    • Five years on, the same cancer trial still favours the drug. Spleen shrinkage lasted a median of just over three years. People started on ruxolitinib lived longer than those started on the dummy pill, even though most of the dummy group switched onto the drug part way through. Tiredness and diarrhoea were the common...

      Journal of Hematology and Oncology, 2017 · number of people not given

22. 22GW0742Small moleculeAnimal or lab only. Only animal or lab studies on this page. No study in people yet. 3 animal studies, 1 lab study, no human study.3 reported

    number of people not given0 studies

    • In mice given a chemical that causes bowel cancer. GW0742 reduced the cancer, working in a different way from drugs that block the COX2 enzyme. This is mouse work, and it points against the family's cancer worry.

      Carcinogenesis, 2008 · number of people not given

    • found nothingIn a dish and in mice. Neither GW0742 nor GW501516 made five kinds of human cancer cells grow faster, and tissue from treated mice showed no change in these growth markers either. This argues against the idea that this drug family feeds tumours.

      Carcinogenesis, 2007 · number of people not given

23. 23DT2216Small moleculeLimited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, 20 people given it.3 reported

    number of people not given0 studies

    • In mice and in a dish. DT2216 was gentler on platelets than navitoclax in a dish, and stronger against cancer cells that need BCL-xL. It slowed human tumours grown in mice without a big platelet drop. It was designed this way because platelets have little of the cell tool it uses.

      Nature Medicine, 2019 · number of people not given

    • In mice and in a dish. DT2216 worked against a type of lymph cancer that needs BCL-xL. That adds to the lab case for destroying the protein instead of just blocking it.

      Journal of Hematology and Oncology, 2020 · number of people not given

24. 24OSKM Cyclic Partial ReprogrammingBiologicAnimal or lab only. Only animal or lab studies on this page. No study in people yet. 6 animal studies, no human study.5 reported

    number of people not given0 studies

    • In mice, from the Yamada and Yamanaka labs. Switching the reprogramming genes on and then taking the doxycycline switch away caused tumours in several tissues. The tumour cells were unformed and abnormal, with big changes to the chemical tags across their DNA. The kidney tumours looked like Wilms tumour, a childhood...

      Cell, 2014 · number of people not given