The finder
Pick what you want to change. See who actually measured it.
Every other tool like this gives you a compound and a match score. Those scores are not measured. Ours does not exist. What you get instead is what was actually measured and where: trials in people first with the participant count, then the animal and cell work kept separate, then what people using it report, and the trials that found nothing, counted rather than dropped.
82 of the 444 compounds here have never been through a trial in people. That is worth knowing and it is not a verdict: a molecule nobody can patent has no sponsor to pay for a trial, so a thin human record is usually a fact about money rather than about the compound. Where that is the case, this says so and shows you what does exist.
What are you trying to change?
Pick as many as you like. The number on each one is how many people it has been measured in across the whole archive, so you can see where the evidence is before you choose.
Or start from the compounds
Somebody handed you a stack. What is actually known about it?
Add what you are looking at and you get every outcome those compounds have been measured for in people, and then the longer list of the ones they have not.
Kidney function
What does it do to the kidneys?
Kidney measures, which increasingly appear in the metabolic trials as a secondary result.
85,893 people · 22 human studies · 20 compounds
- 53,026 people1 study
UK Biobank proteomics, 53,026 participants, 13.3 years of follow-up: GDF15 was positively associated with 20 to 24 incident chronic diseases (hazard ratios 1.21 to 3.77) and with multimorbidity, with levels largely explained by renal function, liver function, inflammation and obesity.
Metabolism, 2025 · 53,026 people
- 8,410 people2 studies1 found nothing
ASCEND-HF: 7,141 people hospitalised with acute heart failure randomised to nesiritide or placebo for 24 to 168 hours on top of standard care. Dyspnoea improvement 44.5 versus 42.1 percent at 6 hours and 68.2 versus 66.1 percent at 24 hours, neither meeting the prespecified threshold. Rehospitalisation or death within...
New England Journal of Medicine, 2011 · 7,141 people
found nothingMeta-analysis of 5 randomised studies, 1,269 patients. FDA-approved doses of nesiritide increased worsening renal function against non-inotrope control, relative risk 1.52, 95 percent confidence interval 1.16 to 2.00, p = 0.003. There was no difference in the need for dialysis. ASCEND-HF later found no excess renal...
Circulation, 2005 · 1,269 people
- 7,637 people1 study
DEVOTE: 7,637 people with type 2 diabetes, 85.2 percent with established cardiovascular or kidney disease, randomised double-blind to insulin degludec or glargine U100. Major cardiovascular events occurred in 8.5 versus 9.3 percent (hazard ratio 0.91, 95 percent confidence interval 0.78 to 1.06, non-inferior). Severe...
New England Journal of Medicine, 2017 · 7,637 people
- 6,609 people1 study
EMPA-KIDNEY. 6,609 people with chronic kidney disease, median 2.0 years. Kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death occurred in 13.1 percent against 16.9 percent (hazard ratio 0.72). Notably for anyone reading the drug as a mortality intervention, death from any cause was 4.5 percent against 5.1 percent and...
New England Journal of Medicine, 2023 · 6,609 people
- 4,641 people2 studies
TREAT: 4,038 people with type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and anaemia randomised to darbepoetin alfa targeting 13 g/dL or to placebo with rescue below 9 g/dL. Death or a cardiovascular event, hazard ratio 1.05 (0.94 to 1.17); death or end-stage renal disease, hazard ratio 1.06 (0.95 to 1.19). Fatal or non-fatal...
New England Journal of Medicine, 2009 · 4,038 people
CREATE: 603 people with estimated GFR 15 to 35 randomised to a normal (13.0 to 15.0 g/dL) or subnormal (10.5 to 11.5 g/dL) haemoglobin target using epoetin beta, 3 years. First cardiovascular events 58 versus 47, hazard ratio 0.78, 95 percent confidence interval 0.53 to 1.14, p = 0.20. More people in the normalisation...
New England Journal of Medicine, 2006 · 603 people
- 4,076 people1 study
4,076 high-risk patients: MACE hazard ratio 0.73 and composite renal outcome hazard ratio 0.68 versus placebo.
New England Journal of Medicine, 2021 · 4,076 people
- 444 people1 study
The only randomised human data on glutaminase inhibition. 444 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Median progression-free survival 9.2 months with telaglenastat plus cabozantinib versus 9.3 months with placebo plus cabozantinib, hazard ratio 0.94, P = 0.65. Manufacturer funded. Oncology, not senescence.
JAMA Oncology, 2022 · 444 people
- 409 people1 study1 found nothing
found nothing409 patients: early vasopressin did not improve kidney-failure-free days, though renal replacement therapy use was lower.
JAMA, 2016 · 409 people
- 248 people1 study
248 people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (mean eGFR 55, 47 percent on SGLT2 inhibitors), 26 weeks, randomised to cotadutide 100, 300 or 600 mcg, placebo, or open-label semaglutide 1 mg weekly. Urine albumin to creatinine ratio fell 43.9 percent at 300 mcg (95 percent CI 30.6 to 54.7) and 49.9 percent...
Kidney International, 2024 · 248 people
- 205 people1 study1 found nothing
found nothing205 people with stage 3b or 4 chronic kidney disease randomised to nicotinamide 750 mg twice daily, lanthanum carbonate, both, or double placebo for 12 months. Neither drug significantly lowered serum phosphate or intact FGF23, the dual primary endpoints. Adverse event rates were similar across arms but...
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2019 · 205 people
- 75 people1 study
75 patients with acute heart failure given 0.0125 micrograms per kilogram per minute of carperitide for 6 hours. Lower baseline plasma ANP (r = -0.35, p = 0.002) and lower vasopressin (r = -0.54, p < 0.001) predicted a larger diuretic response; baseline blood pressure, renal function and prior loop diuretic use did...
ESC Heart Failure, 2022 · 75 people
- 45 people1 study1 found nothing
found nothingOpen-label, self-controlled trial, 45 subjects across healthy, cardiovascular-risk and dialysis groups, 4,000 FU/day for 2 months: fibrinogen fell 7 to 10%, factor VII 7 to 14%, factor VIII 17 to 19% (all p<0.001 for the time effect) across groups; no placebo or control arm, and blood lipids did not change.
Nutrition Research, 2009 · 45 people
- 42 people1 study1 found nothing
found nothingNCT05038488. 42 adults hospitalised with COVID-19 and acute kidney injury randomised 3:2 to MIB-626 1.0 g or placebo tablets twice daily for 14 days. Blood NAD rose gradually from 16.0 to 25.5 to 42.6 micrograms per millilitre at baseline, day 5 and day 14, and NAD metabolites rose rapidly by day 3. Serum creatinine,...
FASEB BioAdvances, 2025 · 42 people
- 24 people1 study1 found nothing
found nothingNCT03176628. 24 hospitalised patients with acute kidney injury received escalating doses of NRPT or placebo twice daily for 2 days across four dose steps up to 1000 mg NR with 200 mg pterostilbene. Acute kidney injury itself reduced whole blood NAD by 50 percent at 48 hours in placebo patients (P=0.05). Pooling all...
BMC Nephrology, 2020 · 24 people
- 2 people1 study1 found nothing
found nothingTwo adults received 10 mg intravenously on day 1 and 20 mg on day 2. No adverse effects were reported and cardiac, liver, kidney, thyroid and glucose laboratory values did not change meaningfully. Two subjects cannot characterise safety.
Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 2025 · 2 people
- no headcount stated1 study
Human, and the largest body of TIMP-2 data in people, though it is not about ageing. Two multicentre observational studies in critically ill adults: 522 in discovery across sepsis, shock, major surgery and trauma cohorts with over 300 markers examined, and 728 in the Sapphire validation cohort. Urinary TIMP-2 combined...
Critical Care, 2013 · no headcount in the line
- no headcount stated1 study
A controlled clinical trial in humans. Significantly higher increases in muscle mass in participants dosed with ecdysterone, and significantly more pronounced increases in one-repetition bench press performance. The same hypertrophic effect appeared in C2C12 myotubes in vitro. No increase in liver or kidney toxicity...
Archives of Toxicology, 2019 · no headcount in the line
- no headcount stated1 study
A randomised controlled trial in dialysis patients, published in JAMA, reporting anabolic effects. One of the few randomised trials of an anabolic steroid in a major general medical journal, and the basis of the drug's renal indication.
JAMA, 1999 · no headcount in the line
- no headcount stated1 study1 found nothing
found nothingSingle-centre open-label trial against dapagliflozin. 106 randomised, 80 completed. Urine albumin to creatinine ratio fell 29.3 percent on PEG-loxenatide against 31.8 percent on dapagliflozin over 24 weeks, a difference that was not significant. Glycated haemoglobin fell almost identically in both arms. Triglycerides...
Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2024 · no headcount in the line
- no headcount stated1 study
The safety report from the same 80-patient trial, 91.3 percent completion, average age 54, 71 percent female. No adverse drug reactions on hepatic, renal or glucose markers and no statistically significant self-reported or major adverse reactions. The stated conclusion is that pterostilbene is generally safe for use...
Journal of Toxicology, 2013 · no headcount in the line
- no headcount stated0 studies
Adipotide induced apoptosis in white-fat blood vessels of obese rhesus monkeys, producing 7.4 to 14.7% weight loss in four weeks with improved insulin resistance; renal proximal tubule changes were dose-dependent and reversible.
Science Translational Medicine, 2011 · no headcount in the line
- no headcount stated0 studies
A designed FOXO4 peptide that blocks the FOXO4-p53 interaction selectively triggered apoptosis in senescent cells and restored fitness, fur density and renal function in fast-aging XpdTTD/TTD and naturally aged mice.
Cell, 2017 · no headcount in the line
- no headcount stated0 studies
Mouse, physiologically ageing wild-type rather than progeroid. Long-term partial reprogramming regimens produced duration-dependent effects in kidney and skin, with reversion of epigenetic clock measures and reduced inflammation, senescence and stress-response gene expression. The authors make no lifespan extension...
Nature Aging, 2022 · no headcount in the line
- no headcount stated0 studies
Mouse, from the Yamada and Yamanaka laboratories. Transient expression of reprogramming factors followed by doxycycline withdrawal produced tumours in various tissues, consisting of undifferentiated dysplastic cells with global DNA methylation changes. Kidney tumours shared characteristics with Wilms tumour. Stem...
Cell, 2014 · no headcount in the line
How this is counted
Human studies only. Animal and test-tube work never enters this ranking, because the question you asked was about a person.
A compound is listed for an outcome only when a citation on its own page states that outcome and reports a result for it. Naming it is not enough: a paper that measures testosterone and reports a result about something else does not count as testosterone evidence, which is a mistake this tool made on its first run and no longer makes.
People counts are read out of the study lines themselves and are deliberate undercounts. Where a line states no number, the study still counts as a study and adds nothing to the headcount. Counts are never added across compounds, because the same person can appear in more than one trial.
Ranking is by people measured. That is a fact about the evidence, not a judgement about the compound, and it is the only ordering this site will defend. A compound at the top of a list is the most studied, which is not the same as the best.
Nothing here is advice, and nothing here is a recommendation to take anything.