Peptide finder

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Pick as many as you like. The number on each one is how many people it has been measured in across the whole archive. So you can see where the evidence is before you choose.

1. 01SemaglutidePeptideStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 12 completed trials, 42,363 people given it.10 reported

   13,183 people2 studies1 found nothing

   • found nothingThe pill form of semaglutide also cut heart attacks and strokes, by a modest amount. 9,650 people with type 2 diabetes at high risk took a daily 14 mg tablet or a dummy tablet for about four years. Heart attacks, strokes and cardiac deaths hit 12.0% on the drug and 13.8% on the dummy, about 18 fewer such events for...

     New England Journal of Medicine, 2025 · 9,650 people

   • Semaglutide protected the kidneys well enough that the trial was stopped early. 3,533 people with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease got the drug or a dummy shot, and nobody involved knew which. Major kidney events, meaning kidney failure, a large drop in kidney function or death from kidney or heart causes, hit 331...

     New England Journal of Medicine, 2024 · 3,533 people

2. 02InsulinPeptideStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 5 completed trials, 29,691 people given it.4 reported

   7,637 people1 study

   • Two long-acting insulins protected the heart equally, and one caused fewer dangerous lows. 7,637 people with type 2 diabetes, most already with heart or kidney disease, got degludec or glargine without knowing which. Major heart events happened in 8.5 percent against 9.3 percent, close enough to call equal. Severe low...

     New England Journal of Medicine, 2017 · 7,637 people

3. 03BNP and nesiritidePeptideStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 7,149 people given it.4 reported

   7,146 people2 studies1 found nothing

   • This is the study that settled it, and the drug failed. 7,141 people in hospital with heart failure got nesiritide or a dummy drip on top of usual care. Breathlessness improved a shade more on the drug, not enough to count. Death or return to hospital within 30 days came out the same. Kidneys were no worse, but low...

     New England Journal of Medicine, 2011 · 7,141 people

   • found nothingSmall studies said the drug damaged kidneys, and the large one later said it did not. Five small studies covering 1,269 patients were pooled. Kidney function got worse about half as often again on nesiritide as on other treatment. Nobody needed dialysis more often. The 7,141 person study that followed found no extra...

     Circulation, 2005 · 5 people

4. 04ErythropoietinBiologicStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 4,641 people given it.6 reported

   4,641 people2 studies

   • This drug did not extend life or save kidneys, and it doubled the risk of stroke. 4,038 people with type 2 diabetes, kidney disease and anaemia got darbepoetin alfa or a dummy shot, with rescue treatment if counts dropped too low. Death and heart events came out the same. Kidney failure came out the same. Strokes hit...

     New England Journal of Medicine, 2009 · 4,038 people

   • Aiming for a normal blood count did not help, and more of those patients ended up on dialysis. 603 people with failing kidneys were treated towards a normal or a lower blood count target and followed for three years. Heart events came out about the same, 58 against 47, a gap that could be chance. More people in the...

     New England Journal of Medicine, 2006 · 603 people

5. 05EfpeglenatideBiologicStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 4,076 people given it.3 reported

   4,076 people1 study

   • This one did protect the heart. Just over four thousand people with type 2 diabetes and a high risk of heart trouble took efpeglenatide or a dummy injection. Heart attacks, strokes and deaths from heart disease happened about a quarter less often on the drug. Kidney problems were down by roughly a third. Two results...

     New England Journal of Medicine, 2021 · 4,076 people

6. 06BPTESSmall moleculeModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 513 people given it.1 reported

   444 people1 study

   • The only proper test of blocking this enzyme in people found nothing. 444 adults with advanced kidney cancer got telaglenastat plus the cancer drug cabozantinib, or a dummy pill plus cabozantinib. Both groups went about 9.2 and 9.3 months before their cancer grew again. That is the same result twice. Telaglenastat is...

     JAMA Oncology, 2022 · 444 people

7. 07CotadutidePeptideStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 6 completed trials, 1,221 people given it.

   248 people1 study

   • Cotadutide sharply cut protein leaking into the urine in diabetic kidney disease. 248 people with type 2 diabetes and kidney damage were split by chance across three doses, a dummy, or semaglutide, for about six months. Protein in the urine fell by roughly half at the two higher doses, and the fall held. Serious side...

     Kidney International, 2024 · 248 people

8. 08NicotinamideSupplementModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 4 completed trials, 591 people given it.2 reported

   205 people1 study1 found nothing

   • found nothingNicotinamide did not do what this kidney trial asked of it. 205 people with fairly advanced kidney disease took nicotinamide, a phosphate binder, both, or two dummy pills for a year. Neither drug meaningfully lowered blood phosphate or the hormone that tracks with it, which were the two things the trial was built to...

     Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2019 · 205 people

9. 09PEG-loxenatidePeptideModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 4 completed trials, 590 people given it.

   106 people1 study1 found nothing

   • found nothingIt matched the comparison drug on a urine marker, and no actual kidney outcome was measured. 106 people at one centre were assigned by chance and everybody knew what they were taking. 80 finished. Over 24 weeks, protein leaking into the urine fell 29.3 percent on PEG-loxenatide and 31.8 percent on dapagliflozin, a gap...

     Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2024 · 106 people

10. 10ANPPeptideModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 4 completed trials, 188 people given it.4 reported

    75 people1 study

    • This looked for who passes more water on the drug, and found two blood tests that predict it. 75 people in hospital with heart failure got a low dose of carperitide through a drip for six hours. Those who started with lower levels of their own natriuretic hormone, and lower vasopressin, produced the most urine. Blood...

      ESC Heart Failure, 2022 · 75 people

11. 11NattokinaseBiologicStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 9 completed trials, 1,795 people given it.6 reported

    45 people1 study1 found nothing

    • found nothingThree clotting proteins fell, and there was nothing to compare them against. 45 people, some healthy, some at risk of heart disease and some on dialysis, took a high daily dose for two months. Two of the proteins fell by up to about a tenth, and the third by nearly a fifth. Everyone got the supplement and knew it, so...

      Nutrition Research, 2009 · 45 people

12. 12MIB-626SupplementModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 4 completed trials, 107 people given it.1 reported

    42 people1 study1 found nothing

    • found nothingThe tablet raised NAD in very sick patients and made no difference to them. 42 adults in hospital with COVID-19 and sudden kidney injury took MIB-626 or dummy tablets twice a day for two weeks. NAD in the blood roughly doubled by the end. Kidney blood tests came out the same in both groups. So did inflammation markers...

      FASEB BioAdvances, 2025 · 42 people

13. 13NRPTSupplementModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 176 people given it.3 reported

    24 people1 study1 found nothing

    • found nothingThe pills raised NAD in patients with sudden kidney injury, and nothing about their kidneys changed. 24 hospital patients took rising doses of the combination or a dummy for two days. The kidney injury itself halved NAD in the untreated patients, which is a finding in its own right. Pooled across doses the supplement...

      BMC Nephrology, 2020 · 24 people

14. 14BPC-157PeptideLimited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 3 completed trials, 31 people given it.10 reported

    2 people1 study1 found nothing

    • found nothingA study this small cannot show that anything is safe. Two healthy adults were given BPC-157 into a vein, 10 mg on the first day and 20 mg on the second. Neither reported side effects, and blood tests covering the heart, liver, kidneys, thyroid and blood sugar did not shift. That is worth knowing, and it is all it is....

      Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 2025 · 2 people

15. 15EcdysteroneSupplementModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 233 people given it.5 reported

    number of people not given1 study

    • In a study in people, those taking ecdysterone gained more muscle than the comparison group and lifted more on the bench press. Blood tests for liver and kidney damage did not rise. The researchers checked everyone for banned drugs and tested the supplement for hidden steroids first. They said it should go on the...

      Archives of Toxicology, 2019 · number of people not given

16. 16Nandrolone decanoateHormoneLimited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 3 completed trials, none stating how many people.6 reported

    number of people not given1 study

    • Nandrolone built real muscle in people on dialysis, in a small but well-run study. 29 adults on long-term dialysis got the drug or a dummy shot for six months. Lean body mass rose about 4.5 kg on nandrolone against 1.9 kg on the dummy shot. Treated patients also walked and climbed stairs faster, while the dummy group...

      JAMA, 1999 · number of people not given

17. 17GDF15BiologicModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 313 people given it.3 reported

    53,026 people1 study

    • GDF15 tracks with getting sick in general, not with any one disease. Researchers measured thousands of blood proteins in 53,026 UK adults and followed them for over 13 years. Higher GDF15 went with later diagnosis of more than twenty different long-term illnesses, and with having several at once. Much of the level was...

      Metabolism, 2025 · 53,026 people

18. 18RetatrutidePeptideStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 5 completed trials, 1,345 people given it.8 reported

    10,000 people1 study

    • Nothing is known about what retatrutide does to heart attacks, strokes or kidney failure. This is the only trial built to find out, and it is still running. 10,000 people with extra weight and either heart or kidney disease are enrolled, and the first results are not due until February 2029. Everything published so...

      ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06383390 (TRIUMPH-Outcomes), Eli Lilly, 2026 · 10,000 people

19. 19EmpagliflozinSmall moleculeStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 16,738 people given it.4 reported

    6,609 people1 study

    • It slowed kidney disease down, and it did not stop people dying. 6,609 people with chronic kidney disease were followed for two years. Their kidney disease got worse, or they died of heart disease, in 16.9 percent of the dummy group against 13.1 percent on empagliflozin. Deaths from any cause were 5.1 percent against...

      New England Journal of Medicine, 2023 · 6,609 people

20. 20VasopressinPeptideModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 1 completed trial, 778 people given it.3 reported

    409 people1 study1 found nothing

    • found nothingStarting vasopressin early did not protect the kidneys. Four hundred and nine people in septic shock were given it first, instead of the usual drug. The number of days they spent free of kidney failure was no better. Fewer of them ended up on dialysis, which is a real difference but a lesser one, and it was not what...

      JAMA, 2016 · 409 people

21. 21PterostilbeneSupplementLimited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, 80 people given it.4 reported

    80 people1 study

    • This is a safety report and it makes no claim that the compound works. It covers the same 80 patients, of whom 91.3 percent finished, averaging 54 years old and 71 percent women. Liver, kidney and blood sugar markers showed no drug reactions, and no meaningful self-reported or major reactions turned up. The authors...

      Journal of Toxicology, 2013 · 80 people

22. 22TIMP2BiologicPreliminary. Studied in people, but no published study has had people take it. 1 human study where nobody was given it.4 reported

    number of people not given1 study

    • This is the biggest body of human TIMP-2 data, and none of it is about ageing. Two observational studies followed critically ill adults: 522 people in the first, with over 300 markers checked, and 728 in a second group to confirm the result. A urine test combining TIMP-2 with another marker spotted serious kidney...

      Critical Care, 2013 · number of people not given

23. 23AdipotidePeptideAnimal or lab only. Only animal or lab studies on this page. No study in people yet. 2 animal studies, no human study.6 reported

    number of people not given0 studies

    • In obese rhesus monkeys, adipotide killed off blood vessels in white fat. They lost 7.4 to 14.7% of their weight in four weeks and handled insulin better. Kidney changes grew with the dose and went away after stopping.

      Science Translational Medicine, 2011 · number of people not given

24. 24FOXO4-DRIPeptideLimited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, 74 people given it.8 reported

    number of people not given0 studies

    • In mice. The peptide made worn-out cells die. It brought back fitness, fur and kidney function in mice that age fast and in naturally old mice.

      Cell, 2017 · number of people not given