The finder
Pick what you want to change. See who actually measured it.
Every other tool like this gives you a compound and a match score. Those scores are not measured. Ours does not exist. What you get instead is what was actually measured and where: trials in people first with the participant count, then the animal and cell work kept separate, then what people using it report, and the trials that found nothing, counted rather than dropped.
82 of the 444 compounds here have never been through a trial in people. That is worth knowing and it is not a verdict: a molecule nobody can patent has no sponsor to pay for a trial, so a thin human record is usually a fact about money rather than about the compound. Where that is the case, this says so and shows you what does exist.
What are you trying to change?
Pick as many as you like. The number on each one is how many people it has been measured in across the whole archive, so you can see where the evidence is before you choose.
Or start from the compounds
Somebody handed you a stack. What is actually known about it?
Add what you are looking at and you get every outcome those compounds have been measured for in people, and then the longer list of the ones they have not.
Living longer
Is there any evidence it makes people live longer?
Read this one carefully. Almost everything sold for longevity has never been tested against death in a human being, and this page will say so plainly when that is the case.
1,483,885 people · 60 human studies · 42 compounds
- 1,206,174 people1 study
Two separate pieces of work in one short paper. An observational weighted regression across 18 neighbouring Japanese municipalities totalling 1,206,174 individuals found an inverse correlation between tap water lithium concentration and all-cause mortality (beta -0.661, p = 0.003). Separately, exposing Caenorhabditis...
European Journal of Nutrition, 2011 · 1,206,174 people
- 199,698 people1 study
The epidemiology that any page about giving people more IGF-1 has to state. 199,698 men in UK Biobank followed a mean of 6.9 years, 5,402 diagnosed with and 295 dying from prostate cancer. Higher circulating IGF-1 was associated with prostate cancer diagnosis (hazard ratio 1.09 per 5 nmol/L increment, 95 percent CI...
International Journal of Cancer, 2021 · 199,698 people
- 24,980 people2 studies
20,536 UK adults aged 40 to 80 with coronary, other occlusive arterial disease or diabetes, randomised to 40 mg simvastatin daily or placebo. All-cause mortality 12.9 percent versus 14.7 percent (p equals 0.0003). Major vascular events fell 24 percent, from 25.2 percent to 19.8 percent. Benefit held even in...
Lancet, 2002 · 20,536 people
4,444 people with angina or previous myocardial infarction, randomised double-blind, median follow-up 5.4 years. 256 placebo patients (12 percent) died against 182 on simvastatin (8 percent), relative risk of death 0.70 (95 percent CI 0.58 to 0.85, p equals 0.0003). Coronary deaths fell from 189 to 111. Major coronary...
Lancet, 1994 · 4,444 people
- 12,597 people2 studies
EMPA-KIDNEY. 6,609 people with chronic kidney disease, median 2.0 years. Kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death occurred in 13.1 percent against 16.9 percent (hazard ratio 0.72). Notably for anyone reading the drug as a mortality intervention, death from any cause was 4.5 percent against 5.1 percent and...
New England Journal of Medicine, 2023 · 6,609 people
EMPEROR-Preserved. 5,988 people with class II to IV heart failure and an ejection fraction above 40 percent, median 26.2 months. Cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalisation occurred in 13.8 percent against 17.1 percent (hazard ratio 0.79). The authors state the effect was mainly driven by fewer heart failure...
New England Journal of Medicine, 2021 · 5,988 people
- 8,341 people1 study1 found nothing
found nothingThe historical result that kept niacin in the guidelines for thirty years, and it is weaker than its reputation. In the Coronary Drug Project, 8,341 men aged 30 to 64 with a previous myocardial infarction were treated between 1966 and 1975. Niacin modestly reduced definite non-fatal recurrent myocardial infarction but...
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1986 · 8,341 people
- 7,050 people3 studies1 found nothing
found nothing4,228 asymptomatic people with ejection fraction 0.35 or below, mean follow-up 37.4 months. Total mortality 313 versus 334 deaths, risk reduction 8 percent (95 percent CI -8 to 21, p = 0.30), not significant. Death or development of heart failure 630 versus 818 (29 percent reduction, p < 0.001). The null mortality...
New England Journal of Medicine, 1992 · 4,228 people
2,569 patients with symptomatic heart failure and ejection fraction 0.35 or below, enalapril 2.5 to 20 mg a day or placebo, mean follow-up 41.4 months. Deaths 452 (35.2 percent) versus 510 (39.7 percent), risk reduction 16 percent (95 percent CI 5 to 26, p = 0.0036); death or heart failure hospitalisation 613 versus...
New England Journal of Medicine, 1991 · 2,569 people
253 patients with NYHA class IV heart failure, double-blind, enalapril 2.5 to 40 mg a day or placebo on top of conventional therapy. Six-month mortality 26 versus 44 percent (40 percent reduction, p = 0.002); one-year 31 percent reduction; 50 versus 68 deaths overall (27 percent). Entire benefit in progressive heart...
New England Journal of Medicine, 1987 · 253 people
- 6,800 people1 study1 found nothing
found nothing6,800 patients with heart failure and ejection fraction 0.45 or less randomised to digoxin or placebo, average follow-up 37 months. Mortality unchanged: 1,181 deaths (34.8 percent) versus 1,194 (35.1 percent), risk ratio 0.99, 95 percent confidence interval 0.91 to 1.07. Hospitalisation for worsening heart failure...
New England Journal of Medicine, 1997 · 6,800 people
- 3,236 people1 study
3,236 adults followed 21 years: higher plasma ergothioneine independently predicted lower coronary disease, cardiovascular and overall mortality.
Heart, 2020 · 3,236 people
- 2,435 people3 studies1 found nothing
Pooled analysis of two Japanese cohorts, 2,435 patients with acute decompensated heart failure split by carperitide dose. Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality within 1 year were lower in the low-dose group (at or above 0.02 micrograms per kilogram per minute) than in the no-carperitide and very-low-dose groups. This...
ESC Heart Failure, 2022 · 2,435 people
found nothing9 studies, 4 randomised and 5 propensity score-matched. Pooled in-hospital mortality was higher with carperitide, odds ratio 1.38, 95 percent confidence interval 1.07 to 1.78, with high heterogeneity (I squared 77 percent). The 4 randomised trials alone gave odds ratio 0.85 with a 95 percent confidence interval of...
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 2025 · no headcount in the line
Retrospective multicentre cohort, 402 of the patients treated with carperitide, 367 matched pairs analysed. Carperitide was associated with in-hospital mortality, odds ratio 2.13, 95 percent confidence interval 1.17 to 3.85, with a larger association in older patients (odds ratio 2.93, 1.54 to 5.91). Observational, so...
Journal of Cardiac Failure, 2015 · no headcount in the line
- 2,000 people2 studies
2,000 New Zealand women aged 65 or older with osteopenia, randomised to four infusions of 5 mg zoledronate or saline at 18-month intervals over six years. Fragility fracture occurred in 190 on placebo and 122 on zoledronate, hazard ratio 0.63 (95 percent CI 0.50 to 0.79). Number needed to treat 15. This is the large...
New England Journal of Medicine, 2018 · 2,000 people
HORIZON Recurrent Fracture Trial, NCT00046254. 1,065 assigned to yearly 5 mg intravenous zoledronic acid and 1,062 to placebo within 90 days of hip fracture repair, mean age 74.5, median follow-up 1.9 years. Primary endpoint new clinical fracture: 8.6 percent against 13.9 percent, a 35 percent reduction. In the safety...
New England Journal of Medicine, 2007 · no headcount in the line
- 1,161 people2 studies1 found nothing
found nothing1,161 patients hospitalised with acute heart failure randomised 1:1 to a 48 hour infusion of serelaxin at 30 micrograms per kilogram per day or placebo within 16 hours of presentation. Serelaxin improved the visual analogue scale dyspnoea endpoint by 448 mm times hours (95 percent CI 120 to 775, p = 0.007) but had no...
The Lancet, 2013 · 1,161 people
An adjudicated analysis of every death in RELAX-AHF-2, run specifically to understand why the two trials disagreed. By 180 days 11.5 percent of patients had died, 38 percent of those deaths from heart failure. Unlike in RELAX-AHF, there was no apparent effect of serelaxin on any category of cause of death. Patients...
JACC: Heart Failure, 2020 · no headcount in the line
- 1,106 people2 studies1 found nothing
found nothing1,106 adults with sepsis, 22 centres, double blinded and placebo controlled. 28 day all cause mortality was 23.4% on thymosin alpha-1 and 24.1% on placebo, hazard ratio 0.99, p = 0.93. Included here as the contrast: this is what a defined thymic peptide looks like when tested under modern conditions, and the result...
BMJ, 2025 · 1,106 people
266 elderly and older persons assessed over six to eight years, with thymalin and epithalamin applied during the first two to three years. Acute respiratory disease incidence fell 2.0 to 2.4-fold, with reduced clinical ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, deforming osteoarthrosis and osteoporosis against control....
Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 2003 · no headcount in the line
- 1,106 people1 study
1,106 adults with sepsis at 22 Chinese centres: 28-day mortality 23.4% with thymosin alpha-1 vs 24.1% with placebo (HR 0.99), so no clear mortality benefit.
BMJ, 2025 · 1,106 people
- 1,106 people1 study
1,106 adults with sepsis across 22 centres in China, randomised 1 to 1 to subcutaneous thymosin alpha-1 or placebo every 12 hours for seven days. 28 day all cause mortality was 23.4% on thymosin alpha-1 and 24.1% on placebo, hazard ratio 0.99, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.27, p = 0.93. No secondary or safety outcome differed...
BMJ, 2025 · 1,106 people
- 876 people1 study
876 Swedish men aged 35 to 80 followed up to 14 years: serum GDF15 at entry predicted all-cause mortality with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.38 (95 percent CI 1.38 to 8.26), validated in 324 same-sex twins and independent of telomere length, IL-6 and CRP. An association in a cohort, not an intervention.
Aging Cell, 2010 · 876 people
- 778 people1 study
778 patients: 28-day mortality 35.4% with low-dose vasopressin versus 39.3% with norepinephrine, not significantly different.
New England Journal of Medicine, 2008 · 778 people
- 513 people2 studies
The only randomised human data on glutaminase inhibition. 444 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Median progression-free survival 9.2 months with telaglenastat plus cabozantinib versus 9.3 months with placebo plus cabozantinib, hazard ratio 0.94, P = 0.65. Manufacturer funded. Oncology, not senescence.
JAMA Oncology, 2022 · 444 people
69 patients randomised 2:1. Median progression-free survival 3.8 months versus 1.9 months, hazard ratio 0.64, one-sided P = 0.079 against a pre-specified one-sided alpha below 0.2. Grade 3 to 4 events in 74 percent versus 61 percent. Manufacturer funded.
Clinical Cancer Research, 2022 · 69 people
- 513 people2 studies1 found nothing
found nothing444 patients randomised, double blind, placebo controlled. Median progression-free survival 9.2 versus 9.3 months, hazard ratio 0.94, 95 percent confidence interval 0.74 to 1.21, P = 0.65. Overall response 31 versus 28 percent. Grade 3 to 4 adverse events in 71 versus 79 percent. Manufacturer funded. The primary...
JAMA Oncology, 2022 · 444 people
69 patients randomised 2:1 after a median of three prior lines. Median progression-free survival 3.8 versus 1.9 months, hazard ratio 0.64, 95 percent confidence interval 0.34 to 1.20, one-sided P = 0.079 against a pre-specified one-sided alpha below 0.2. One partial response on telaglenastat. Grade 3 to 4 events 74...
Clinical Cancer Research, 2022 · 69 people
- 480 people2 studies
480 patients randomised to 250 mg azithromycin three times weekly or placebo for two years after allogeneic transplant. Stopped early in December 2016 after the safety board detected an imbalance in haematological relapses. Two-year airflow decline-free survival 32.8 percent on azithromycin against 41.3 percent on...
JAMA, 2017 · 480 people
Tennessee Medicaid cohort. During five days of azithromycin, compared with no antibiotics, risk of cardiovascular death rose (hazard ratio 2.88, 95 percent CI 1.79 to 4.63) and of death from any cause (1.85, 1.25 to 2.75). Amoxicillin showed no such increase. Estimated 47 additional cardiovascular deaths per million...
New England Journal of Medicine, 2012 · no headcount in the line
- 420 people1 study
420 patients with moderate to severe chronic heart failure, 100 mg three times daily, two years. Major adverse cardiovascular events 15% against 26%, hazard ratio 0.50 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.80, p = 0.003). Cardiovascular mortality 9% against 16% (p = 0.026) and all-cause mortality 10% against 18% (p = 0.018). The...
JACC Heart Failure, 2014 · 420 people
- 412 people1 study
412 patients randomised to placebo or escalating minocycline up to 400 mg per day for nine months. ALSFRS-R deterioration was faster on minocycline, -1.30 against -1.04 units per month (p equals 0.005), with non-significant trends toward faster decline in forced vital capacity and muscle testing and greater mortality...
Lancet Neurology, 2007 · 412 people
- 407 people1 study
Open label phase 3, 407 patients with untreated advanced melanoma randomised 1:1 to IO102-IO103 (85 mcg each) plus pembrolizumab or pembrolizumab alone for up to 2 years. Median progression free survival 19.4 versus 11.0 months, HR 0.77 (95% CI 0.58 to 1.00), p = 0.0558; the prespecified threshold of p at most 0.045...
Annals of Oncology, 2026 · 407 people
- 356 people2 studies
Gargano Heart Study, 356 patients with type 2 diabetes, mean follow-up 5.4 years, 58 cardiovascular deaths. The ADIPOQ variant rs822354 raised adiponectin and was associated with cardiovascular mortality (incidence rate ratio 1.94, 95 percent CI 1.23 to 3.07), with a genetic effect larger than the observational one,...
Cardiovascular Diabetology, 2016 · 356 people
Population-based cohort of older adults. In those free of cardiovascular disease, the association with all-cause mortality was U-shaped: hazard ratio 0.81 per SD up to 12.4 mg/L, then 1.19 per SD (95 percent CI 1.12 to 1.27) above it. No association in those with cardiovascular disease alone; in heart failure or...
Circulation, 2012 · no headcount in the line
- 309 people1 study
COMFORT-I, NCT00952289, 309 patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk myelofibrosis. Spleen volume reduction of at least 35 percent at 24 weeks: 41.9 percent on ruxolitinib against 0.7 percent on placebo. Total symptom score improved by at least 50 percent in 45.9 percent against 5.3 percent. Thirteen deaths on...
New England Journal of Medicine, 2012 · 309 people
How this is counted
Human studies only. Animal and test-tube work never enters this ranking, because the question you asked was about a person.
A compound is listed for an outcome only when a citation on its own page states that outcome and reports a result for it. Naming it is not enough: a paper that measures testosterone and reports a result about something else does not count as testosterone evidence, which is a mistake this tool made on its first run and no longer makes.
People counts are read out of the study lines themselves and are deliberate undercounts. Where a line states no number, the study still counts as a study and adds nothing to the headcount. Counts are never added across compounds, because the same person can appear in more than one trial.
Ranking is by people measured. That is a fact about the evidence, not a judgement about the compound, and it is the only ordering this site will defend. A compound at the top of a list is the most studied, which is not the same as the best.
Nothing here is advice, and nothing here is a recommendation to take anything.