Peptide finder

What are you trying to change?

Pick as many as you like. The number on each one is how many people it has been measured in across the whole archive. So you can see where the evidence is before you choose.

1. 01SimvastatinSmall moleculeStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 24,980 people given it.6 reported

   24,980 people2 studies

   • The benefit held even in people whose cholesterol already looked normal. 20,536 UK adults aged 40 to 80 with clogged arteries or diabetes were split by chance. One group took 40 mg of simvastatin a day, the other took a dummy pill. 14.7 percent of the dummy group died of any cause, against 12.9 percent on the drug....

     Lancet, 2002 · 20,536 people

   • Lowering cholesterol with a statin kept people alive, and this is the trial that showed it. 4,444 people who already had chest pain or a previous heart attack were split by chance into two groups. One took simvastatin, the other a dummy pill, and both were followed for over five years. By the end, 12 percent of the...

     Lancet, 1994 · 4,444 people

2. 02Cardiac glycosidesSmall moleculeModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 1 completed trial, 6,800 people given it.

   6,800 people1 study1 found nothing

   • found nothingDigoxin did not save lives, and it was tested well enough to say so. 6,800 people with weak hearts took digoxin or a dummy pill and were followed about three years on average. About the same share died in each group, roughly 35 percent either way. A study this big would have found a survival benefit if there was one....

     New England Journal of Medicine, 1997 · 6,800 people

3. 03EmpagliflozinSmall moleculeStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 16,738 people given it.4 reported

   12,597 people2 studies

   • It slowed kidney disease down, and it did not stop people dying. 6,609 people with chronic kidney disease were followed for two years. Their kidney disease got worse, or they died of heart disease, in 16.9 percent of the dummy group against 13.1 percent on empagliflozin. Deaths from any cause were 5.1 percent against...

     New England Journal of Medicine, 2023 · 6,609 people

   • It helped the harder kind of heart failure, mostly by keeping people out of hospital. 5,988 people whose hearts still pumped reasonably well but who had heart failure symptoms were followed for a bit over two years. 17.1 percent of the dummy group died of heart disease or were admitted for heart failure. On...

     New England Journal of Medicine, 2021 · 5,988 people

4. 04PioglitazoneSmall moleculeStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 9,114 people given it.5 reported

   3,876 people1 study

   • In people with insulin resistance but no diabetes who had just had a stroke or a mini-stroke, pioglitazone lowered the chance of another stroke or a heart attack over about five years. It also halved new diabetes. It cost more weight gain, swelling and broken bones. Death rates were about the same.

     The New England Journal of Medicine, 2016 · 3,876 people

5. 05Zoledronic acidSmall moleculeStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 4 completed trials, 7,176 people given it.

   3,065 people2 studies

   • The bone drip prevented broken bones in older women with thinning bones. Two thousand New Zealand women aged 65 and over got four infusions of either the drug or plain salt water over six years, spaced eighteen months apart. Fragility fractures happened in 122 women on the drug and 190 on salt water. Roughly fifteen...

     New England Journal of Medicine, 2018 · 2,000 people

   • A once a year bone drip after a broken hip cut later fractures, and fewer people died. Around two thousand people, average age in their mid seventies, got the drip or a dummy one within three months of hip surgery, then were followed about two years. New fractures hit about 9 in every hundred on the drug and about 14...

     New England Journal of Medicine, 2007 · 1,065 people

6. 06EnalaprilSmall moleculeStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 2,822 people given it.5 reported

   7,050 people3 studies1 found nothing

   • found nothingIn people with no symptoms, enalapril did not clearly save lives. 4,228 people with a weak pumping heart but no symptoms took enalapril or a dummy pill for about three years. 313 died on enalapril against 334 on the dummy pill, a gap small enough to be chance. A study this size would likely have found a real survival...

     New England Journal of Medicine, 1992 · 4,228 people

   • In people with symptoms, enalapril kept more of them alive. 2,569 patients with heart failure and a weak pumping heart took enalapril or a dummy for about three and a half years on average. 452 died on enalapril against 510 on the dummy, roughly a sixth fewer deaths. Hospital admissions for heart failure fell further...

     New England Journal of Medicine, 1991 · 2,569 people

   • This is one of the clearest survival gains ever shown for a pill. 253 patients with the worst kind of heart failure got enalapril or a dummy pill on top of their usual treatment, and nobody involved knew which. At six months, 26% of the enalapril group had died against 44% on the dummy pill. Every life saved came from...

     New England Journal of Medicine, 1987 · 253 people

7. 07TrametinibSmall moleculeStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 1,192 people given it.

   1,192 people2 studies

   • After surgery for stage III melanoma with a BRAF mutation, a year of trametinib plus dabrafenib cut the chance of the cancer coming back compared with a dummy pill. This is a two-drug result, not trametinib alone.

     The New England Journal of Medicine, 2017 · 870 people

   • In advanced melanoma with a BRAF mutation, trametinib on its own held the cancer back longer than chemotherapy and more people were alive at six months. Rash, diarrhoea and swelling were the common side effects. This is the trial that led to its approval as a single drug.

     The New England Journal of Medicine, 2012 · 322 people

8. 08Relaxin-2PeptideStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 7,706 people given it.5 reported

   1,161 people2 studies1 found nothing

   • found nothingSerelaxin eased breathlessness a little in people admitted with sudden heart failure, and changed nothing that matters more. 1,161 people got either a two day drip of the drug or a dummy drip soon after reaching hospital. Breathlessness scored better on one scale and no better on the other. Deaths from heart causes...

     The Lancet, 2013 · 1,161 people

   • Investigators went back through every death in the failed trial to work out why the earlier trial had looked promising, and found nothing to rescue it. By six months about one patient in nine had died, and heart failure caused nearly four in ten of those deaths. The drug changed no category of death. People aged 75...

     JACC: Heart Failure, 2020 · number of people not given

9. 09Thymalin with epitalonBlendStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 1,106 people given it.7 reported

   1,106 people2 studies1 found nothing

   • found nothingA defined thymus peptide was put through a modern study, and it failed. Just over a thousand people seriously ill with sepsis got either thymosin alpha-1 or a dummy shot, and nobody involved knew which. A month later, the same share had died in each group. It is on this page as a contrast. When a thymus peptide is...

     BMJ, 2025 · 1,106 people

   • This is the study the thymalin story rests on, and it is not built to carry that weight. 266 older people were followed for six to eight years, and given thymalin and epithalamin in the first two or three. Infections and deaths were reported at about half the rate of a comparison group, and several age-related...

     Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 2003 · number of people not given

10. 10Thymosin Alpha-1PeptideStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 1,204 people given it.7 reported

    1,467 people2 studies1 found nothing

    • The biggest test thymosin alpha-1 has ever been put through, and it failed. 1,106 adults who were seriously ill with sepsis got either the peptide or a dummy injection, across 22 hospitals in China. A month later, 23.4% of the treated group had died of any cause, against 24.1% on the dummy. That gap is smaller than...

      BMJ, 2025 · 1,106 people

    • found nothingAn earlier, smaller sepsis trial leaned towards a benefit that a bigger trial later failed to confirm. 361 patients at six Chinese hospitals were split by chance into a thymosin alpha-1 group and a comparison group. The patients did not know which they were in. Their doctors did. After 28 days, 26.0% of the treated...

      Critical Care, 2013 · 361 people

11. 11Thymosin alpha-1 with KPV and LL-37BlendStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 1,140 people given it.6 reported

    1,106 people1 study

    • This was the biggest test thymosin alpha-1 has been through, and it failed. Just over a thousand people seriously ill with sepsis got either the peptide or a dummy shot for a week. Nobody involved knew which. A month later, the same share had died in each group. Nothing else measured came out different. A study this...

      BMJ, 2025 · 1,106 people

12. 12VasopressinPeptideModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 1 completed trial, 778 people given it.3 reported

    778 people1 study

    • Swapping one blood pressure drug for another did not save more lives. Seven hundred and seventy eight people in septic shock were given low dose vasopressin or the standard drug, norepinephrine. By 28 days, 35.4 percent of the vasopressin group had died and 39.3 percent of the standard group had. That gap is small...

      New England Journal of Medicine, 2008 · 778 people

13. 13TirzepatidePeptideStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 9 completed trials, 22,802 people given it.11 reported

    731 people1 study

    • Tirzepatide cut heart failure flare-ups in people with a stiff heart and obesity. 731 patients were followed for about two years on the drug or a dummy shot. Death from heart causes or worsening heart failure hit 9.9% on the drug and 15.3% on the dummy, about 54 fewer such events for every 1,000 people. Almost all of...

      New England Journal of Medicine, 2025 · 731 people

14. 14HydralazineSmall moleculeStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 1,724 people given it.4 reported

    642 people1 study

    • Adding hydralazine plus a nitrate to standard heart failure treatment lowered deaths over two years in 642 men. At two years, 25.6% had died on the pair against 34.3% on a dummy pill. It was the first trial of a blood vessel relaxing drug to show people living longer. It is a two-drug result, not hydralazine alone.

      The New England Journal of Medicine, 1986 · 642 people

15. 15BPTESSmall moleculeModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 513 people given it.1 reported

    513 people2 studies

    • The only proper test of blocking this enzyme in people found nothing. 444 adults with advanced kidney cancer got telaglenastat plus the cancer drug cabozantinib, or a dummy pill plus cabozantinib. Both groups went about 9.2 and 9.3 months before their cancer grew again. That is the same result twice. Telaglenastat is...

      JAMA Oncology, 2022 · 444 people

    • A smaller study leaned toward the drug without settling anything. 69 adults with advanced kidney cancer got telaglenastat or a dummy pill, both along with the cancer drug everolimus. Two got the drug for every one on the dummy pill. Cancer took 3.8 months to grow again on the drug, against 1.9 months. The bar for...

      Clinical Cancer Research, 2022 · 69 people

16. 16TelaglenastatSmall moleculeModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 513 people given it.1 reported

    513 people2 studies1 found nothing

    • found nothingTelaglenastat was tested properly in a large study, and it did not work. 444 adults with advanced kidney cancer took telaglenastat or a dummy pill, both along with the cancer drug cabozantinib. The cancer grew again after 9.2 months on the drug and 9.3 months on the dummy pill. Tumours shrank in 31 percent against 28...

      JAMA Oncology, 2022 · 444 people

    • A second, smaller study hinted at a benefit and proved nothing. 69 adults with advanced kidney cancer, most already through three treatments, got telaglenastat or a dummy pill, both along with the cancer drug everolimus. Two got the drug for every one on the dummy pill. The cancer grew again after 3.8 months against...

      Clinical Cancer Research, 2022 · 69 people

17. 17Azithromycin and roxithromycinSmall moleculeModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 1 completed trial, 480 people given it.

    480 people2 studies

    • This trial was stopped early because the antibiotic was harming people. 480 people who had received a donor stem cell transplant took low dose azithromycin three times a week or a dummy pill for two years. The safety board halted it when cancer relapses piled up in the antibiotic group. Two years in, more of that...

      JAMA, 2017 · 480 people

    • Five days of azithromycin was linked to more heart deaths, though the extra risk to any one person is small. Researchers combed Tennessee Medicaid records and compared people taking the antibiotic against people taking no antibiotic. Death from heart causes was roughly three times as common during the five days of...

      New England Journal of Medicine, 2012 · number of people not given

18. 18TriptorelinPeptideStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 4 completed trials, 1,388 people given it.5 reported

    424 people1 study

    • This trial is about when to give radiotherapy, not about triptorelin, and it found no advantage in giving it early. Triptorelin was the hormone treatment handed to both groups, so it was never the thing being tested. 424 men who had had prostate surgery were assigned to immediate radiotherapy or to waiting until their...

      The Lancet Oncology, 2020 · 424 people

19. 19MinocyclineSmall moleculeModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 966 people given it.

    412 people1 study

    • This drug did not simply fail in ALS. People got worse on it. 412 patients were split by chance to a dummy pill or minocycline built up to 400 mg a day for nine months. Those on minocycline lost physical function faster than those on the dummy. Breathing capacity, muscle strength and deaths all leaned the wrong way...

      Lancet Neurology, 2007 · 412 people

20. 20IO102-IO103PeptideModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 470 people given it.3 reported

    407 people1 study

    • The vaccine looked like it was helping, and the trial still counts as a failure. Four hundred and seven people with advanced melanoma got a standard immune drug, half of them with the vaccine added, and everyone knew which. Cancer took much longer to worsen in the vaccine group, close to nineteen months against...

      Annals of Oncology, 2026 · 407 people

21. 21MetforminSmall moleculeModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 489 people given it.6 reported

    3,576 people4 studies

    • The longest follow-up in people we have found no drop in deaths. 3234 adults at high risk of diabetes were given metformin, an intensive lifestyle program, or a dummy pill. After a median 21 years, 453 had died. Neither metformin nor lifestyle cut deaths from any cause, cancer or heart disease. Preventing diabetes and...

      Diabetes Care, 2021 · 3,234 people

    • This is the diabetes study that made metformin a first-choice drug, not a longevity study. 342 overweight adults with new type 2 diabetes took metformin, and 411 stayed on diet as the main plan. They were followed for a median of 10.7 years. Deaths from any cause were 36 percent lower on metformin. A second part of...

      Lancet, 1998 · 342 people

    • The Danish try at repeating the 2014 survival claim found the opposite. People who started metformin for type 2 diabetes died more often than matched people without diabetes, including inside twin pairs. After other factors were counted, the extra risk was still there. Comparing people who already have diabetes with...

      International Journal of Epidemiology, 2022 · number of people not given

22. 22RuxolitinibSmall moleculeModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 1 completed trial, 309 people given it.

    309 people1 study

    • Ruxolitinib worked in a blood cancer, and that is the only thing this trial shows. Just over three hundred people with a serious bone marrow disease got either the drug or a dummy pill, and nobody involved knew which. Spleens shrank sharply in four in ten on the drug, against almost nobody on the dummy. Symptoms eased...

      New England Journal of Medicine, 2012 · 309 people

23. 23ThymalinPeptideModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 4 completed trials, 308 people given it.7 reported

    308 people3 studies

    • This is the study the thymalin story rests on, and it is not built to carry it. 266 older people in Russia and Ukraine were followed for six to eight years, dosed only in the first two or three. In the thymalin group, chest and airway infections were reported at roughly half the usual rate, and deaths at about half as...

      Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 2003 · 266 people

    • A small early-pandemic trial reported faster recovery, and nobody died in either group. 42 patients got thymalin injections into the muscle for five days on top of standard care, and 50 got standard care alone, at one hospital in mid 2020. Lung scans worsened in 2 of the 42 treated against 5 of the 50 controls....

      Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 2021 · 42 people

    • The reported death rates favour thymalin, and the paper contradicts itself. Severely ill COVID patients were split three ways: standard care, tocilizumab, or thymalin. The English abstract puts hospital deaths at 40.9% on standard care, 28.4% with tocilizumab and 20.6% with thymalin. The Russian abstract of the same...

      Advances in Gerontology, 2022 · number of people not given

24. 24RetatrutidePeptideStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 5 completed trials, 1,345 people given it.8 reported

    281 people1 study

    • Retatrutide lowered blood sugar and weight more than an older drug, in a mid-stage trial. 281 people with type 2 diabetes were split by chance between retatrutide, dulaglutide and a dummy shot, and nobody involved knew which. At the top dose, average blood sugar over three months fell about 2 points, against almost...

      The Lancet, 2023 · 281 people