Peptide finder

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Pick as many as you like. The number on each one is how many people it has been measured in across the whole archive. So you can see where the evidence is before you choose.

1. 01OrforglipronSmall moleculeStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 8 completed trials, 17,383 people given it.8 reported

   11,220 people1 study

   • Pooled liver data across the whole late-stage programme show no liver signal. 11,220 people were combined from seven trials, about 6,900 on orforglipron and 4,300 on something else, followed for up to two years. Six people in each half hit the liver enzyme threshold that triggers concern, and every orforglipron case...

     Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2026 · 11,220 people

2. 02MethotrexateSmall moleculeStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 5,022 people given it.4 reported

   4,786 people1 study1 found nothing

   • found nothingLow-dose methotrexate did not prevent heart attacks or strokes in people who already had heart disease, and it did not lower the inflammation markers it was supposed to. 4,786 people took it or a dummy pill for about two years, and all took folate too. This is the trial that separates methotrexate from the...

     The New England Journal of Medicine, 2019 · 4,786 people

3. 03SemaglutidePeptideStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 12 completed trials, 42,363 people given it.10 reported

   1,197 people1 study1 found nothing

   • found nothingSemaglutide healed liver inflammation in a serious fatty liver disease, on a look taken partway through. Liver samples were taken from the first 800 of 1,197 patients at 72 weeks. The inflammation cleared without the scarring getting worse in 62.9% on the drug against 34.3% on the dummy, and scarring improved in 36.8%...

     New England Journal of Medicine, 2025 · 1,197 people

4. 04Green tea extractSupplementModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 1 completed trial, 1,075 people given it.4 reported

   1,475 people2 studies

   • A year of high dose green tea extract harmed the liver in a small but real share of women. 1,075 women past menopause took an extract with 843 mg of EGCG a day, or a dummy pill, for one year. Liver enzymes rose in 36 women on the extract against 4 on the dummy pill. Just over 1% had a liver problem serious enough to...

     Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2015 · 1,075 people

   • Who gets liver injury from green tea extract may be partly in their genes. This is a second look at the Minnesota trial, covering the 400 women who took the extract. Women carrying one version of a liver-processing gene saw liver enzymes rise about 80% above their starting level at six and nine months. Women with the...

     Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023 · 400 people

5. 05EGCGSupplementStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 1,172 people given it.5 reported

   1,075 people1 study

   • Green tea extract damaged some livers, at ten times the dummy group's rate. 1,075 women past menopause took an extract delivering 843 mg of EGCG a day, or a dummy, for a year. A liver enzyme rose in 36 women on the extract, 6.7 percent, against 4 on the dummy, 0.7 percent. 1.3 percent had a liver problem recorded as...

     Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2015 · 1,075 people

6. 06FGF21BiologicModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 350 people given it.4 reported

   350 people2 studies

   • A lab-built version of FGF21 healed liver scarring in a mid-sized study. 222 people with fatty liver disease and moderate to advanced scarring got one of three doses or a dummy shot, for 24 weeks. Scarring improved without the disease getting worse in 7% of the dummy group, against 22% to 27% on the drug. The disease...

     New England Journal of Medicine, 2023 · 222 people

   • The higher dose worked at two years and the lower dose did not. 128 people with fatty liver disease and moderate to advanced scarring got one of two doses or a dummy shot. After 96 weeks, scarring improved by at least one stage in 19% of the dummy group, 30% on the lower dose and 49% on the higher. Only the higher...

     Lancet, 2025 · 128 people

7. 07SurvodutidePeptideStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 5 completed trials, 2,034 people given it.7 reported

   293 people2 studies

   • Survodutide healed liver damage in a lot of the people who had it. Two hundred and ninety-three adults with liver inflammation confirmed by a tissue sample were treated for eleven months. Between 47 and 62 out of every 100 on the drug, depending on dose, had their liver damage improve without their scarring getting...

     New England Journal of Medicine, 2024 · 293 people

   • This trial is running and has published nothing, because it is not due to finish until 2031. It is giving survodutide or a dummy injection to 1,800 adults whose fatty liver disease has already scarred the liver. It is built to show two things: that the disease clears without the scarring worsening, and that the...

     ClinicalTrials.gov, Boehringer Ingelheim, 2026 · number of people not given

8. 08EfruxiferminBiologicModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 1 completed trial, 181 people given it.2 reported

   181 people1 study1 found nothing

   • found nothingThe trial failed the test it was built to pass, then looked better later. 181 people with liver scarring from fatty liver disease got efruxifermin or a dummy injection. At 36 weeks, when the answer was due, 19% on the 50 mg dose had less scarring against 13% on the dummy, which is not a gap you can lean on. By 96...

     New England Journal of Medicine, 2025 · 181 people

9. 09TesamorelinPeptideStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 8 completed trials, 1,729 people given it.10 reported

   149 people3 studies1 found nothing

   • found nothingIt worked on liver fat, in a small trial. 61 people with HIV and a fatty liver were split evenly and given a daily injection of tesamorelin or a dummy version for a year. Nobody involved knew which. Liver fat came down by about a third more on tesamorelin than on the dummy. By the end 35% of the tesamorelin group had...

     The Lancet HIV, 2019 · 61 people

   • Tesamorelin shrank both deep belly fat and liver fat, in a small trial. 50 people with HIV and belly fat were split by chance, and 48 were treated for six months. Deep fat around the organs fell 42 cm2 more than on the dummy shot, and liver fat fell about 3 percentage points more. Fasting blood sugar rose 7 mg/dL more...

     JAMA, 2014 · 50 people

   • The drug still worked in people taking the newer HIV medicines that tend to add weight. 38 of the 61 people in this trial were on integrase inhibitors, and 31 finished the year. Their deep belly fat fell about 25 cm2 while it rose about 14 cm2 on the dummy shot, and liver fat fell 4.2% against 0.5%. Blood sugar...

     AIDS, 2024 · 38 people

10. 10EfinopegdutidePeptideModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 1 completed trial, 145 people given it.

    145 people2 studies1 found nothing

    • found nothingA dual-acting drug cleared far more liver fat than semaglutide in a head to head test. 145 people with fatty liver disease were split by chance between the two drugs for about six months. Everybody knew which drug they were taking. Liver fat fell by roughly three quarters on efinopegdutide against a little over two...

      Journal of Hepatology, 2023 · 145 people

    • The follow-on trial is running in the disease stage that actually matters, and it has reported nothing. It enrols people with steatohepatitis, which is the point where liver fat has turned into inflammation and scarring. Enrolment is closed and the study continues. No results have been posted. Liver fat on a scan is a...

      ClinicalTrials.gov, 2026 · number of people not given

11. 11Efimosfermin alfaBiologicModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 186 people given it.2 reported

    102 people1 study

    • Liver fat fell sharply. 102 people with fatty liver disease got efimosfermin or a dummy shot for 12 weeks. By week 12, 89 percent of those on the drug had cut their liver fat by at least 30 percent, against 7 percent on the dummy. Side effects were mostly mild nausea and diarrhoea. Liver fat on a scan is not scarring...

      The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2025 · 102 people

12. 12CotadutidePeptideStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 6 completed trials, 1,221 people given it.

    74 people1 study

    • Cotadutide cut liver fat in people with confirmed liver inflammation, but never looked at the liver itself again. 74 people with biopsy-confirmed disease were split by chance between two doses and a dummy, for about five months. At the top dose, liver fat fell by five percentage points more than on the dummy. Side...

      Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2024 · 74 people

13. 13TUDCASupplementLimited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 3 completed trials, 54 people given it.7 reported

    20 people1 study1 found nothing

    • found nothingFour weeks of TUDCA improved insulin sensitivity in liver and muscle, and not in fat. 20 obese adults took 1,750 mg a day or a dummy for four weeks, with detailed infusion tests and samples from muscle and fat. Liver and muscle insulin sensitivity rose by roughly 30 percent while the dummy group did not change. The...

      Diabetes, 2010 · 20 people

14. 14ResveratrolSupplementModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 14 completed trials, 403 people given it.7 reported

    17 people3 studies2 found nothing

    • This is the strongest good human result resveratrol has, and it rests on eleven men. Obese but otherwise healthy men took 150 mg a day for a month, and also spent a month on a dummy pill. Their resting metabolism slowed the way it does when people eat less. Liver fat, blood sugar, triglycerides, a liver enzyme and...

      Cell Metabolism, 2011 · 11 people

    • found nothingThis is the study that explains why so many resveratrol trials come back empty. Six volunteers took a labelled dose, and their guts absorbed at least 70 percent of it. Almost none of it stayed as resveratrol. The gut wall and the liver tag it chemically almost immediately, so what ends up circulating is a set of...

      Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 2004 · 6 people

    • found nothingResveratrol did not help fatty liver, and it may have irritated it. Twenty overweight men took 3,000 mg daily for eight weeks. Insulin resistance, liver fat, belly fat, blood fats and antioxidant activity were all unchanged, and so were the genes it was meant to act on. Two liver enzymes rose against the dummy, which...

      Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2014 · number of people not given

15. 15GHRP-6PeptideLimited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 5 completed trials, 42 people given it.8 reported

    10 people1 study

    • Block the growth hormone receptor and this peptide turns out to push blood sugar directly. 10 healthy lean men were studied, and nobody involved knew who got what. With the receptor blocked by a drug, and the men not fasting, GHRP-6 sent insulin up roughly eightfold and blood sugar up noticeably. Free fatty acids...

      Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2001 · 10 people

16. 16MibavademabBiologicLimited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 2 completed trials, 1 person given it.

    1 people1 study1 found nothing

    • found nothingThe antibody only worked in people who were already short of leptin. In an early study in people, compared with a dummy shot, it was well tolerated. In the authors' words, it reduced body weight over twelve weeks in people with low leptin in the blood, and had no effect on weight in people whose leptin was higher. One...

      Science Translational Medicine, 2023 · 1 people

17. 17RetatrutidePeptideStrong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 5 completed trials, 1,345 people given it.8 reported

    number of people not given1 study

    • Retatrutide cleared fat out of the liver in a small side study. People with obesity and a fatty liver took the drug or a dummy injection for six months, inside the larger trial. By the end, liver fat had come back into the normal range for 86% of those on the strongest dose, 79% on the middle dose and 52% on the...

      Nature Medicine, 2024 · number of people not given

18. 18PemvidutidePeptideLimited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 2 completed trials, none stating how many people.1 reported

    number of people not given2 studies

    • A weekly shot cut the amount of fat sitting in people's livers, compared with a dummy shot. One half of the molecule acts on the liver directly, which is why it was expected to do this. Note what was measured. The amount of fat in the liver, not damage to the liver, and not how anyone felt.

      Journal of Hepatology, 2025 · number of people not given

    • The drug cleared up liver inflammation in six months without letting scarring get worse, which is what it was asked to do. It did not improve the scarring itself by that point. Those are two different things, and scarring is the one that predicts what happens to a person over years. Six months is early to expect scar...

      The Lancet, 2025 · number of people not given

19. 19PegozaferminBiologicLimited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, none stating how many people.2 reported

    number of people not given1 study

    • Liver scarring improved on the drug in a mid-stage study. 219 people with moderate or severe scarring from fatty liver disease got pegozafermin or a dummy shot for 24 weeks. Scarring improved in 22 to 27 percent of those on the drug, against 7 percent on the dummy. Nausea and diarrhoea were the most common side...

      New England Journal of Medicine, 2023 · number of people not given

20. 20SulforaphaneSupplementModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 7 completed trials, 423 people given it.6 reported

    number of people not given1 study

    • The human part of this much-cited paper is the smallest part of it. Sulforaphane was picked out by computer, by matching a diabetic liver pattern against 3,800 drug patterns. It cut sugar production in liver cells. In diabetic animals it improved glucose handling about as much as metformin. Finally, in a small human...

      Science Translational Medicine, 2017 · number of people not given

21. 21MIB-626SupplementModerate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 4 completed trials, 107 people given it.1 reported

    number of people not given1 study1 found nothing

    • found nothingThe tablet moved some body measurements and left every measure of physical function untouched. 30 overweight or obese adults aged 45 and over took MIB-626 or a dummy tablet for four weeks. Weight fell by about two kilograms. Blood pressure and cholesterol both came down. Strength, stamina, how quickly muscles tired...

      Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2023 · number of people not given

22. 22OsteocalcinPeptidePreliminary. Studied in people, but no published study has had people take it. 2 human studies where nobody was given it.

    5,169 people1 study

    • The arrow points the other way. Osteocalcin was measured in 5,169 people in China, and lower levels went with higher blood sugar, insulin resistance, triglycerides, liver fat and weight. That is exactly what the bone hormone story predicts. Then the researchers used genetics to test which way the causation runs, and...

      Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2021 · 5,169 people

23. 23MOTS-cPeptideLimited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, 30 people given it.6 reported

    125 people1 study

    • This study points the other way, and the MOTS-c story does not hold together. A hundred and fifty-nine adults without diabetes or heart disease had their blood measured. Nobody was given anything. Those with metabolic syndrome carried more MOTS-c, not less, and levels rose with belly fat and with fat in the liver....

      Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, General Subjects, 2021 · 125 people

24. 24PterostilbeneSupplementLimited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, 80 people given it.4 reported

    80 people1 study

    • This is a safety report and it makes no claim that the compound works. It covers the same 80 patients, of whom 91.3 percent finished, averaging 54 years old and 71 percent women. Liver, kidney and blood sugar markers showed no drug reactions, and no meaningful self-reported or major reactions turned up. The authors...

      Journal of Toxicology, 2013 · 80 people