P21
P21 (P021, CNTF-derived peptide)
Also known as: P021
A small peptide derived from a neurotrophic factor studied for promoting new neuron growth and protecting against Alzheimer-like changes in animals.
Overview
P21 is a tetrapeptide derived from the active region of ciliary neurotrophic factor, designed to cross the blood-brain barrier and mimic its neurogenic effects at a fraction of the size. Research from the Bhattacharya group reports increased hippocampal neurogenesis, better synaptic plasticity, and reduced Alzheimer-like pathology in rodents. It is experimental with no human trials.
Mechanism of action
Mimics ciliary neurotrophic factor signaling to promote new neuron formation and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.
Key studies & citations
- Animal2014
Rescue of cognitive-aging by administration of a neurogenic and/or neurotrophic compound
Chronic oral P021 reduced age-related learning and memory decline in 22 to 24-month-old rats, restored neurogenesis and raised BDNF expression.
Neurobiology of Aging - Animal2014
Disease modifying effect of chronic oral treatment with a neurotrophic peptidergic compound in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
12 months of P021 in 3xTg-AD mice reduced tau hyperphosphorylation and soluble amyloid-beta, likely via increased BDNF.
Neurobiology of Disease - Animal2017
Prevention of amyloid-beta and tau pathologies, associated neurodegeneration, and cognitive deficit by early treatment with a neurotrophic compound
P021 started at 3 months in 3xTg-AD mice prevented neurodegeneration and amyloid and tau pathology and rescued episodic memory.
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
Frequently asked questions
Is P21 an approved Alzheimer's treatment?
No. Its promising results are from animal studies. There are no human trials, so it remains experimental.