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Peptides

Peptides: what has been measured in people

Written by Reviewed 26 Sep 2026

453 peptides and longevity compounds, 1,043 human studies, and the trials that found nothing counted as numbers. Human evidence first, animal work kept separate, prices from 249 named sellers. No compound is ranked against another.

Start from your goalAll 453 compounds

What a peptide is

A peptide is a short chain of amino acids, the same building blocks that make up proteins. Many hormones and signaling molecules in the body are peptides. Research peptides are synthetic versions studied for their effects on specific receptors and pathways.

From the FAQ: What is a peptide?

Start from the goal, not the brand name

Each goal page lists everything studied for it, with the human evidence counted. The compounds named here are the ones pinned to the top of each page, not a recommendation.

Fat loss and metabolism

What actually works for fat loss?

Semaglutide, Tirzepatide, Retatrutide, Cagrilintide

Injury, healing and recovery

Will this help me heal faster?

BPC-157, TB-500, GHK-Cu, KPV

Skin, hair and appearance

Does anything work for skin and hair?

GHK-Cu, Argireline, Matrixyl, SNAP-8

Ageing and longevity

Does anything actually slow ageing?

Rapamycin, Metformin, NAD+, NMN

Muscle and strength

How do I build muscle, and how do I keep it?

Tesamorelin, CJC-1295 / Ipamorelin, Ipamorelin, Creatine

Sleep

Is there anything measured for sleep?

DSIP, Magnesium, Epitalon, MK-677

Brain, memory and mood

Is there anything real for memory and focus?

Semax, Selank, Bromantane, Cerebrolysin

Hormones and growth hormone

What do the growth hormone compounds really do?

Testosterone, Testosterone cypionate, HCG, Gonadorelin

All 12 goals or one measured outcome at a time.

The questions behind the searches

The pages that answer what people type most, each with the human evidence counted.

Safety and legality

Are peptides safe?What has been measured for every compound, what is approved, and where the risk sits.Read Side effects, by classWhat each family of peptides did to people in the trials that measured it, and what was never measured.Read Legal status by countryClassification in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and Canada, one page per compound, plus sport and military.Read FDA-approved, the listWhich compounds in the archive are approved medicines in the United States, from the data on every profile.Read Compounded tirzepatideBrand, compounded and research-grade side by side, and what FDA changed and when.Read Injecting, sourcedSites, needles, rotation and aseptic technique, every clinical claim cited.Read

Buying, handling and cost

Sellers named on the price pages are ranked by certificate tier, then price, and any affiliate income is disclosed there. Naming a seller is not a recommendation to buy or use anything.

What a milligram costs7,965 price rows, ranked by certificate tier, then price.Every seller, gradedWho is behind each storefront and what certificate it publishes.How to reconstituteWater, technique, shelf life and what a shifted powder means, then the calculator.Cycling and clearanceWhat is measured, what is convention, and how long each one clears.

The compounds people ask about first

A start list, in no order of merit. The band on each card is arithmetic from the studies cited on that profile, and the profile prints the sum beside it.

SemaglutideStrong. At least two completed trials, and at least 1,000 people given it. 12 completed trials, 42,363 people given it.A long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management, with proven cardiovascular risk reduction.12 completed trials, 42,363 people given itTirzepatideStrong. At least two completed trials, and at least 1,000 people given it. 9 completed trials, 22,802 people given it.A first-in-class dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist with superior weight loss and glycemic control versus GLP-1 mono-agonists.9 completed trials, 22,802 people given itRetatrutideStrong. At least two completed trials, and at least 1,000 people given it. 5 completed trials, 1,345 people given it.An investigational once-weekly triple receptor agonist producing the largest pharmacological weight loss reported to date in trials.5 completed trials, 1,345 people given itBPC-157Limited. Someone has been given it and a result was published, but fewer than 100 people. 3 completed trials, 31 people given it.A pentadecapeptide with a large animal literature on tendon, ligament, muscle and gut healing, and a small human record: two rectal-enema studies run in Croatia, three uncontrolled clinic reports, and a randomized Phase 2 injury trial now recruiting.3 completed trials, 31 people given itTB-500Preliminary. Studied in people, but no published study has given it to anyone. 1 registered with no result.A seven-residue fragment of thymosin beta-4 sold under a research name. No published study has given TB-500 to people; the clinical trial record usually quoted for it belongs to the full 43-residue parent peptide, which is a different molecule.1 registered with no resultGHK-CuLimited. Someone has been given it and a result was published, but fewer than 100 people. 2 completed trials, 99 people given it.A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide widely used in skincare and studied for wound healing and skin remodeling.2 completed trials, 99 people given itCJC-1295Limited. Someone has been given it and a result was published, but fewer than 100 people. 2 completed trials, none stating how many people.A modified GHRH analogue engineered for an extended half-life, promoting sustained growth hormone and IGF-1 release.2 completed trials, none stating how many peopleIpamorelinModerate. At least one completed trial, and at least 100 people given it. 2 completed trials, 157 people given it.A selective growth hormone secretagogue and ghrelin receptor agonist that stimulates pulsatile GH release with minimal effect on cortisol or prolactin.2 completed trials, 157 people given itTesamorelinStrong. At least two completed trials, and at least 1,000 people given it. 8 completed trials, 1,729 people given it.An FDA-approved GHRH analogue that reduces visceral fat, now also studied for cognition in older adults at Alzheimer's risk.8 completed trials, 1,729 people given itNAD+Limited. Someone has been given it and a result was published, but fewer than 100 people. 1 completed trial, none stating how many people.A central metabolic coenzyme marketed via IV and injectable forms for anti-aging and recovery, with declining levels in aging but limited clinical proof for supplementation.1 completed trial, none stating how many peopleEpitalonModerate. At least one completed trial, and at least 100 people given it. 5 completed trials, 266 people given it.A synthetic pineal tetrapeptide with more human data than its reputation suggests, including a 6 to 8 year observation of 266 elderly people and a 12 to 15 year randomized comparison in coronary patients. Almost all of it comes from one research lineage, and none of it was blinded.5 completed trials, 266 people given itMOTS-cLimited. Someone has been given it and a result was published, but fewer than 100 people. 1 completed trial, 30 people given it.A mitochondrial-derived peptide with a real human literature: a common East Asian genetic variant, circulating levels measured across age and disease, and an exercise response, alongside a first controlled trial now recruiting. None of that shows a benefit from giving it as a drug.1 completed trial, 30 people given it

Questions people type

What is a peptide?

A peptide is a short chain of amino acids, the same building blocks that make up proteins. Many hormones and signaling molecules in the body are peptides. Research peptides are synthetic versions studied for their effects on specific receptors and pathways.

Is it safe to use peptides?

It depends on the peptide. Approved drugs like semaglutide have large safety records. Research chemicals like BPC-157 have little or no human safety data. Semaglutide and tesamorelin are FDA approved with large safety databases; BPC-157 and TB-500 are unapproved research chemicals with little to no published human safety data at any dose. Whether a given peptide is safe depends on the specific compound, and this site's compound pages state exactly how much human evidence exists for each one, including when the honest answer is not much.

How do peptides work in the body?

Most peptides work by binding a specific receptor on a cell's surface, the same way the hormones and signaling molecules your body already makes do, triggering a cascade inside the cell. Semaglutide binds the GLP-1 receptor to slow digestion and reduce appetite. Ipamorelin binds the ghrelin receptor to trigger a pulse of growth hormone. The receptor targeted, not the fact that it is a peptide, determines what happens next.

Where do research peptides come from?

Nearly all of them are manufactured by chemical synthesis, built one amino acid at a time on a solid support resin rather than extracted from animals or people. This is why a 15 amino acid peptide like BPC-157 or a longer one like semaglutide can be produced in bulk by any lab with the right equipment, which is also why so many different sellers can offer the same molecule at very different prices and purity.

What does 'research grade' mean for a peptide?

It is a marketing term with no legal or regulatory definition. It usually implies the product is intended for laboratory research rather than human consumption, the same territory as 'research use only,' but the phrase itself does not guarantee a specific purity, testing standard, or manufacturing practice. A certificate of analysis from an independent laboratory is the only way to check a specific vial, and this site's laboratory profiles describe what each testing lab discloses about how it reports.

How this archive counts

Every identifier is checked live against PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov or the Federal Register before it is published. A compound's band comes from how many completed trials gave it to people and how many people that was, by a published rule, and the arithmetic is printed on the card. Nulls are counted, not hidden.

The method, inclusion rules and null policy

Educational use only. This database summarizes published research and is not medical advice. Where a dose appears it is a record of what a trial or clinic ran, or what people describe doing, with its source attached. Nothing here is a recommendation for personal use.