Brain, memory and mood
Is there anything real for memory and focus?
The area with the widest gap between what is claimed and what was tested in people. Several compounds here have real studies in people. Several have a lab dish and a press release.
94 compounds studied for this · 39 with a completed trial of a hundred people or more · 13 with no study in people at all
What has actually been measured here
This page lists the compounds studied for brain, memory and mood. These pages work the other way round. They take one goal at a time and list every compound by how many people it was measured in, most first. Each shows what the study found, and the trials that found nothing are counted.
Memory and thinking
Does it make your memory better?
Mood and anxiety
Does it help anxiety or low mood?
Energy and fatigue
Will I feel less tired?
Sleep
Does it improve sleep?
Strong and Moderate 39
At least one finished trial that gave the compound to a hundred people or more. That tells you how much has been measured. It does not tell you whether it will work for you. The math sits under every band.
Semax
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 4 completed trials, 354 people given it.9 reported4 citedA lab-made peptide nose spray approved in Russia for stroke and memory problems. It is studied for raising BDNF, a prote...
PeptideNootropic & CNSSelank
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 192 people given it.8 reported3 citedA lab-made peptide from Russia, used for anxiety. It is said to calm people without making them sleepy.
PeptideNootropic & CNSBromantane
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 728 people given it.6 reported3 citedBromantane is a Russian drug sold in the West as a focus pill. It does have human studies that compared it with a dummy...
Small moleculeNootropic & CNSCerebrolysin
Strong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 1,591 people given it.8 reported4 citedA mix of small proteins taken from pig brain. It is used in many countries for stroke, dementia and brain injury.
PeptideNootropic & CNSRapastinel
Strong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 5 completed trials, 2,614 people given it.7 citedA drip given for depression. In a 116 person study, it lowered depression scores within hours. Then it failed three larg...
PeptideNootropic & CNSSemax / Selank
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 172 people given it.9 reported2 citedTwo Russian peptides sold as a pair, either as two nose sprays or one combined bottle. The pitch is that one sharpens an...
BlendNootropic & CNSNemifitide
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 5 completed trials, 177 people given it.5 citedA lab made peptide for depression, given as a daily shot for 5 to 10 days. Three small studies between 2000 and 2006, in...
PeptideNootropic & CNSDavunetide
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 1 completed trial, 313 people given it.2 reported2 citedA brain-protecting peptide tested in people for brain diseases. Its main study failed, but interest continues.
PeptideNootropic & CNSOmega-3
Strong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 34,050 people given it.4 reported5 citedTwo big heart studies of fish oil drugs came to opposite answers, and the dummy pill may be why. People with more omega-...
SupplementLongevityEGCG
Strong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 1,172 people given it.5 reported3 citedA mid-stage study of 800 mg of EGCG a day in multiple sclerosis was stopped by its safety board. 5 of the 7 people on th...
SupplementAntioxidantMCT oil
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 1 completed trial, 152 people given it.6 reported1 citedFed to mice from 4 months of age, it did not change how long they lived, in either sex. A review pooled 13 human studies...
SupplementMetabolicTesamorelin
Strong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 8 completed trials, 1,729 people given it.10 reported8 citedAn FDA-approved shot that shrinks belly fat, the deep fat around the organs. It is also being studied for memory and thi...
PeptideGrowth HormoneErythropoietin
Strong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 4,641 people given it.6 reported4 citedErythropoietin, or EPO, is the kidney hormone that tells your body to make red blood cells. It has been approved since 1...
BiologicHormoneSpermidine
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 130 people given it.4 reported4 citedA natural compound in foods like wheat germ and aged cheese that helps cells clean house. A year-long memory study found...
SupplementLongevityBrimapitide
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 4 completed trials, 510 people given it.6 citedA lab made peptide that blocks JNK, an enzyme that tells stressed cells to die. In its big trial for sudden hearing loss...
PeptideNootropic & CNSOveporexton
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 6 completed trials, 441 people given it.6 citedA pill for narcolepsy type 1 that works on the brain's orexin wake system. It is not a peptide. The FDA approved it for...
Small moleculeNootropic & CNSResveratrol
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 14 completed trials, 403 people given it.7 reported14 citedResveratrol is the grape and red wine compound behind the first big wave of anti-ageing research. It is one of the most...
SupplementLongevityTherapeutic Plasma Exchange
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 5 completed trials, 389 people given it.6 reported7 citedA standard hospital procedure that takes out plasma and puts a blood protein called albumin back. A 347-person trial in...
ProcedureLongevityIdebenone
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 5 completed trials, 732 people given it.5 citedApproved in the European Union for one rare inherited eye disease that causes sudden vision loss. The approval came unde...
SupplementAntioxidantTesamorelin / Ipamorelin
Strong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 5 completed trials, 1,507 people given it.9 reported5 citedThe clinic version of the growth hormone blend. It pairs tesamorelin, a GHRH copy with FDA approval and results from 806...
BlendGrowth HormoneCreatine
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 168 people given it.5 reported4 citedOne of the most studied supplements there is. It clearly boosts strength. Its effect on muscle size is smaller than the...
SupplementMuscle & PerformanceLow-dose lithium
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 106 people given it.5 reported4 citedThe tap water studies people quote are not tests on people. A review pooled 15 studies that compared lithium in local wa...
SupplementLongevityMitoglitazone
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 385 people given it.1 reported4 citedIn people, it was tested in 356 people with type 2 diabetes and 29 people with Alzheimer disease. The company ran both s...
Small moleculeLongevityOxytocin
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 290 people given it.5 reported2 citedA natural hormone that is FDA-approved to help with childbirth. It is also studied, with mixed results, for social, bond...
PeptideHormoneSemaglutide
Strong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 12 completed trials, 42,363 people given it.10 reported15 citedA once a week shot for type 2 diabetes and weight loss. It is approved, and big studies show it also lowers the risk of...
PeptideMetabolicNattokinase
Strong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 9 completed trials, 1,795 people given it.6 reported13 citedNattokinase is a clot-busting enzyme made when bacteria ferment soybeans into natto, a Japanese food. For a supplement,...
BiologicLongevityAlbiglutide
Strong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 10,304 people given it.6 citedA once-a-week GLP-1 shot approved in 2014 and pulled from every market by 2018. In the 9,463 person Harmony Outcomes stu...
BiologicMetabolicLiraglutide
Strong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 6 completed trials, 16,760 people given it.9 reported6 citedA once-a-day shot for type 2 diabetes and weight loss. It was the first drug of its kind approved for obesity, and it lo...
PeptideMetabolicKisspeptin-54
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 5 completed trials, 122 people given it.8 reported5 citedGood human studies, all about ripening eggs for IVF. In 60 women at high risk of dangerous ovary swelling, eggs ripened...
PeptideHormoneNiacin
Strong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 29,087 people given it.7 reported5 citedThe only NAD-pathway product ever tested against real heart outcomes, in 25,673 people in HPS2-THRIVE and 3,414 in AIM-H...
SupplementLongevityDulaglutide
Strong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 10,500 people given it.1 reported2 citedA once-a-week shot for type 2 diabetes. In a big study it lowered heart attacks and strokes.
BiologicMetabolicMethotrexate
Strong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 5,022 people given it.4 reported2 citedThe best test we have of whether calming long-term inflammation makes you live longer. In a big heart trial in people, i...
Small moleculeImmuneMinocycline
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 966 people given it.2 citedIt did not change how long mice lived, in males or females, when started late in life. In 412 people with ALS (Lou Gehri...
Small moleculeLongevityOxaloacetate
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 112 people given it.4 reported2 citedFed to mice from 4 months of age, it did not change how long they lived, in either sex. The human record is two small st...
SupplementLongevityPioglitazone
Strong. At least two finished studies in people, and at least 1,000 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 9,114 people given it.5 reported2 citedAn approved diabetes drug with real heart and stroke data in people. In the 2026 mouse lifespan run, it was one of two c...
Small moleculeMetabolicCebranopadol
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 5 completed trials, 300 people given it.7 citedNot a peptide. It is a lab made opioid painkiller that also switches on the nociceptin receptor, whose natural key is a...
Small moleculeNootropic & CNSCarbetocin (intranasal)
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 3 completed trials, 343 people given it.4 citedA failed drug program, and this page says so. Both large final-stage studies in Prader-Willi syndrome missed their main...
PeptideNootropic & CNSCGRP
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 968 people given it.2 citedCGRP is a peptide your body makes. It is one of the best-proven drug targets for migraine: four approved antibody shots...
PeptideNootropic & CNSZiconotide
Moderate. At least one finished study in people, and at least 100 people who took it. 2 completed trials, 111 people given it.2 reported2 citedA pain drug made from cone snail venom, approved in 2004 for severe long-term pain. It only works when a pump implanted...
PeptideNootropic & CNSLimited and Preliminary 42
Someone has been given it and a result was published, but in fewer than a hundred people. Or the studies in people only watched and never gave anybody anything. The math on each card says exactly how thin.
Young Plasma Infusion
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, 18 people given it.6 reported3 citedPlasma from donors aged 18 to 30, dripped into older people. The one proper trial took 18 people with Alzheimer disease...
ProcedureLongevityFGF17
Preliminary. Studied in people, but no published study has had people take it. 1 human study where nobody was given it.4 reported1 citedThe factor found when young spinal fluid was pumped into the brains of old mice. In people it is known for something els...
BiologicLongevityCortexin
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, none stating how many people.4 reported1 citedA mix of small brain peptides from cattle, used in Russia for stroke, brain injury and memory problems.
PeptideNootropic & CNSNoopept
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, none stating how many people.5 reported1 citedA memory drug approved in Russia, built from a two amino acid piece. It is studied for mild memory problems and protecti...
Small moleculeNootropic & CNSBeta-2 Microglobulin
Preliminary. Studied in people, but no published study has had people take it. 1 human study where nobody was given it.5 reported1 citedA blood protein that rises with age. Injected into young mice, it harms new brain cell growth and memory. In people it i...
BiologicLongevityTIMP2
Preliminary. Studied in people, but no published study has had people take it. 1 human study where nobody was given it.4 reported1 citedA protein found in high amounts in human umbilical cord blood. In old mice, it restored how the memory centre of the bra...
BiologicLongevityPinealon
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 2 completed trials, none stating how many people.6 reported3 citedA tiny lab-made peptide from Khavinson's group, studied for brain protection and thinking.
PeptideNootropic & CNSBuntanetap
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, none stating how many people.1 reported2 citedA pill that cuts how much amyloid, tau and alpha-synuclein the brain makes, all at once. It is in an 850-person final-st...
Small moleculeNootropic & CNSRTR242
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, none stating how many people.1 reported1 citedThe first drug in people from Retro Biosciences, the longevity company backed by Sam Altman. It is a pill meant to resto...
Small moleculeNootropic & CNSSemax with selank and dihexa
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, 62 people given it.7 reported1 citedThree brain peptides sold as one focus stack. Two are approved medicines in Russia, with small studies done there. The t...
BlendNootropic & CNSClusterin
Preliminary. Studied in people, but no published study has had people take it. 2 human studies where nobody was given it, 1 registered with no result.4 reported3 citedA blood protein that goes up with exercise. In old mice and in mice with an Alzheimer-like illness, it calmed brain infl...
BiologicLongevityCCL11 Blockade
Preliminary. Studied in people, but no published study has had people take it. 2 human studies where nobody was given it.5 reported2 citedA signalling protein that rises with age in human blood and harms new brain cell growth in mice. There is data in people...
BiologicLongevityGpld1
Preliminary. Studied in people, but no published study has had people take it. 2 human studies where nobody was given it.4 reported2 citedA liver enzyme released into the blood during exercise. In mice, it passed the brain benefits of running to old mice tha...
BiologicLongevityNomlabofusp
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 2 completed trials, 28 people given it.5 citedA replacement for frataxin, the protein people with Friedreich ataxia are missing. It is joined to a short peptide that...
BiologicNootropic & CNSDSIP with selank and epitalon
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, 62 people given it.6 reported3 citedA sleep and body clock blend, usually 2 mg DSIP, 2 mg epitalon and 0.5 mg selank. So the two bigger ingredients are each...
BlendNootropic & CNSNeuropeptide Y
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 3 completed trials, 20 people given it.5 reported3 citedThe one big test in people was a year-long study of a pill that blocks one of its receptors, in 1,661 overweight and obe...
PeptideNootropic & CNSTrontinemab
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 2 completed trials, none stating how many people.2 reported3 citedRoche's anti-amyloid antibody with a shuttle that carries it into the brain. It cleared amyloid plaque in 91 percent of...
BiologicNootropic & CNSRemternetug
Preliminary. Studied in people, but no published study has had people take it. 2 human studies where nobody was given it.1 reported2 citedLilly's follow-up to donanemab, made to be self-injected at home. A large final-stage study finished in 2026 and results...
BiologicNootropic & CNSHumanin
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, 30 people given it.6 reported5 citedA tiny peptide made from mitochondrial DNA. In people it has been watched, not given. It falls with age, runs high in th...
PeptideLongevityNAD+ / B Complex
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 5 completed trials, 34 people given it.8 reported5 citedInjectable NAD+ mixed with B12, and sometimes B6, sold as a clinic drip or as a vial for shots under the skin. No study...
BlendLongevityAmbroxol
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 2 completed trials, 73 people given it.1 reported3 citedA cough medicine sold over the counter in much of the world. At high doses it raises a key enzyme in the brain. The one...
Small moleculeAnti-agingMethylene Blue
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, 26 people given it.7 reported3 citedMethylene blue is an FDA-approved antidote for a rare blood problem called methemoglobinemia. Biohackers take small dose...
Small moleculeAntioxidantNAC
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 2 completed trials, 15 people given it.3 citedNAC is what the body uses to make glutathione. It is FDA-approved to thin mucus and as the standard antidote for a Tylen...
SupplementAntioxidantGlyNAC
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 2 completed trials, none stating how many people.3 reported2 citedA mix of glycine and NAC, two building blocks the body uses to make its main antioxidant, glutathione. Small studies in...
SupplementAntioxidantPlasma Dilution
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 2 completed trials, 42 people given it.6 reported2 citedThe mouse experiment that asked whether young blood is needed at all. Swapping half the plasma for salt water plus album...
ProcedureLongevityPterostilbene
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, 80 people given it.4 reported2 citedOne study in people: 80 adults with high cholesterol. At 250 mg a day, it lowered the top blood pressure number by 7.8 p...
SupplementLongevitySHLP2
Preliminary. Studied in people, but no published study has had people take it. 2 human studies where nobody was given it.6 reported2 citedA tiny peptide made by mitochondria, the power plants inside your cells. It has a known receptor, a weight result in mic...
PeptideLongevityMagnesium
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, 46 people given it.4 reported1 citedIt lowers blood pressure by a real but small amount, about 2 points. The sleep evidence is three small studies in 151 pe...
SupplementLongevityOSK Partial Reprogramming
Preliminary. Studied in people, but no published study has had people take it. 1 registered with no result.5 reported1 citedThree of the four Yamanaka genes, switched on briefly to reset the ageing marks on DNA without wiping out what kind of c...
BiologicLongevityUrsodeoxycholic acid
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, 30 people given it.3 reported1 citedAn approved bile acid that also protects mitochondria. In people, a small safety study in Parkinson disease is the resul...
Small moleculeLongevityAngiotensin-(1-7)
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 5 completed trials, 76 people given it.3 reported7 citedAngiotensin-(1-7) is the brake on the body's main blood pressure system. It is made from angiotensin II. It has been giv...
PeptideHormoneFolate
Preliminary. Studied in people, but no published study has had people take it. 2 human studies where nobody was given it.2 reported2 citedB vitamins reliably lower homocysteine, an amino acid in the blood linked to heart disease. Two big trials, HOPE-2 and N...
SupplementMetabolicLamivudine
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, none stating how many people.3 reported2 citedA thirty year old HIV and hepatitis B pill. Some scientists think old gene fragments waking up in our DNA drive the cons...
Small moleculeAnti-agingMonlunabant
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, none stating how many people.2 reported2 citedNovo Nordisk's CB1 blocker pill, built to act mostly outside the brain. People lost 7.1 kg in 16 weeks, but anxiety, irr...
Small moleculeMetabolicNAD+ with glutathione
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, 21 people given it.5 reported2 citedUsually two separate drips or shots given in one clinic visit, not one vial, because no premixed product is standard. NA...
BlendLongevityAdropin
Preliminary. Studied in people, but no published study has had people take it. 1 human study where nobody was given it.1 citedA peptide whose blood level is lower in people who are heavier and older. Every human study just measures it. No one has...
PeptideMetabolicDSIP
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 6 completed trials, 7 people given it.8 reported6 citedA natural peptide studied for sleep, stress and pain. The human evidence is thin and mixed.
PeptideNootropic & CNSGalanin
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 4 completed trials, 21 people given it.4 citedGalanin has been dripped into healthy volunteers since 1986, and every one of those studies measured a hormone or blood...
PeptideNootropic & CNSDermorphin
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, 11 people given it.2 reported3 citedA seven amino acid opioid from the skin of South American frogs. In animals it is 30 to 40 times stronger than morphine....
PeptideNootropic & CNSNeurotensin
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, 6 people given it.2 citedNeurotensin is a small 13-building-block peptide your body makes. It eases pain in rodents. No human study has tested pa...
PeptideNootropic & CNSNNZ-2591
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, none stating how many people.1 reported2 citedA pill that copies a natural breakdown product of IGF-1, from the makers of trofinetide (Daybue). Since February 2026 it...
Small moleculeNootropic & CNSOrexin-A
Limited. People have taken it in a published study, but fewer than 100 of them. 1 completed trial, 14 people given it.2 reported1 citedOrexin-A is the brain chemical that keeps you awake. It is sold as a nose spray for alertness, after a monkey study foun...
PeptideNootropic & CNSAnimal or lab only, and nothing measured 13
Studied in animals or in cells in a dish, or studied in people for something else entirely. Listed, not hidden, because knowing a thing has not been tested in a person is the useful part.
Dihexa
Animal or lab only. Only animal or lab studies on this page. No study in people yet. 1 animal study, no human study.8 reportednone citedAn experimental peptide made from angiotensin, a blood pressure hormone. In animals it was reported to be very strong at...
PeptideNootropic & CNSP21
Animal or lab only. Only animal or lab studies on this page. No study in people yet. 5 animal studies, no human study.7 reportednone citedA small peptide made from a nerve growth factor. In animals it helped grow new brain cells and protected against Alzheim...
PeptideNootropic & CNSPlatelet Factor 4
Animal or lab only. Only animal or lab studies on this page. No study in people yet. 3 animal studies, no human study.4 reportednone citedA protein released by the tiny cells that help blood clot. In 2023, three separate labs reported it restored memory in o...
BiologicLongevityDNSP-11
Animal or lab only. Only animal or lab studies on this page. No study in people yet. 4 animal studies, 1 lab study, no human study.2 reportednone citedA peptide of 11 amino acids cut from the parent form of GDNF. GDNF is a growth factor that failed to help Parkinson dise...
PeptideNootropic & CNSFGL
Animal or lab only. Only animal or lab studies on this page. No study in people yet. 3 animal studies, no human study.3 reportednone citedA peptide from a protein that helps nerve cells stick together. It has been studied in rats for memory and brain protect...
PeptideNootropic & CNSPE-22-28
Animal or lab only. Only animal or lab studies on this page. No study in people yet. 2 animal studies, no human study.7 reportednone citedAn experimental peptide studied in mice for fast antidepressant effects and new brain cell growth. It blocks a potassium...
PeptideNootropic & CNSCMS-121
Animal or lab only. Only animal or lab studies on this page. No study in people yet. 2 animal studies, no human study.2 reportednone citedCMS-121 is a lab-made cousin of fisetin, from the Salk Institute. In mouse models of Alzheimer's it improved memory and...
Small moleculeNootropic & CNSN-Acetyl Semax Amidate
Animal or lab only. Only animal or lab studies on this page. No study in people yet. 1 animal study, no human study.8 reported1 citedN-Acetyl Semax Amidate is Semax with both ends chemically capped. It is sold as a longer-lasting nose spray. No study of...
PeptideNootropic & CNSGB-115
Animal or lab only. Only animal or lab studies on this page. No study in people yet. 2 animal studies, no human study.2 reportednone citedGB-115 is a Russian anti-anxiety pill made of two building blocks. It works on a gut and brain signal called CCK. Wester...
PeptideNootropic & CNSISRIB
Animal or lab only. Only animal or lab studies on this page. No study in people yet. 3 animal studies, 1 lab study, no human study.4 reportednone citedISRIB is not an approved medicine anywhere. No person has taken it in a registered study. In mice, it brought back lost...
Small moleculeAnti-agingSS-20
Animal or lab only. Only animal or lab studies on this page. No study in people yet. 4 animal studies, 1 lab study, no human study.6 reportednone citedThe sister of SS-31, the peptide that became the approved drug elamipretide. SS-20 cannot mop up free radicals, the unst...
PeptideAntioxidantBergamot
None. No study cited on this page yet. no study cited on this page yet.none citedFourteen small studies show big drops in blood fats, including LDL (bad) cholesterol down 55 mg/dL. That is a surprising...
SupplementMetabolicCortagen
Animal or lab only. Only animal or lab studies on this page. No study in people yet. 1 animal study, 1 lab study, no human study.4 reportednone citedCortagen is a four building block peptide from Khavinson's institute in Russia. It is sold as the defined-recipe cousin...
PeptideNootropic & CNSReading on this goal
Peptides for Sleep: DSIP, Epitalon and Pinealon Against the Evidence
What the DSIP sleep studies from 1981 to 1992 actually found, why an FDA panel voted against DSIP (emideltide) and for Epitalon in July 2026, what one Russian lab's melatonin data can and cannot show, how growth hormone signals change deep sleep, and how it all compares with approved sleep drugs. Plain English.
Peptide Side Effects by Class: What Is Documented, What Is Anecdotal
A group-by-group table that separates side effects counted in studies and on FDA labels (GLP-1 drugs, bremelanotide, MK-677, elamipretide) from the stories that fill forums about BPC-157, TB-500, copper peptides and brain peptides. Plain English.
FDA Peptide Status in 2026: The Category 2 Removals, the July Votes, and What Actually Changed
A dated tracker of where BPC-157, TB-500, KPV, MOTS-c, Epitalon, Semax and DSIP stand with the FDA after the April 2026 list change and the July 23 to 24 advisory panel votes. Plain English, with a link to every source.
Fasting worth reading alongside this
What the number counts, exactly
The number on each card is how many sources on that compound’s page are studies in people. It is counted the same simple way for all 453 compounds. You can check any of it by opening the profile and reading the list of sources. That is the whole point of showing a number at all.
It counts what we cite. It does not claim how much research exists. A compound with three studies in people here may have thirty in print, and the honest thing to say is that we have read and listed three. It is also not a quality score. Three small, loose studies count the same as three careful ones. So the groups tell you how much was measured in people, and the profile page tells you how well.