The finder
Pick what you want to change. See who actually measured it.
Every other tool like this gives you a compound and a match score. Those scores are not measured. Ours does not exist. What you get instead is what was actually measured and where: trials in people first with the participant count, then the animal and cell work kept separate, then what people using it report, and the trials that found nothing, counted rather than dropped.
82 of the 444 compounds here have never been through a trial in people. That is worth knowing and it is not a verdict: a molecule nobody can patent has no sponsor to pay for a trial, so a thin human record is usually a fact about money rather than about the compound. Where that is the case, this says so and shows you what does exist.
What are you trying to change?
Pick as many as you like. The number on each one is how many people it has been measured in across the whole archive, so you can see where the evidence is before you choose.
Or start from the compounds
Somebody handed you a stack. What is actually known about it?
Add what you are looking at and you get every outcome those compounds have been measured for in people, and then the longer list of the ones they have not.
Memory and thinking
Does it make your memory better?
Cognitive tests in people. Be careful here: a trial in Alzheimer's patients says nothing about a healthy forty-year-old, and this page will tell you which population was tested.
6,839 people · 36 human studies · 29 compounds
- 3,808 people1 study
3,808 participants with amyloid-confirmed early Alzheimer's disease across 566 sites: oral semaglutide did not slow decline on the CDR-SB primary endpoint at week 104 and both trials were discontinued for negative clinical outcome.
The Lancet, 2026 · 3,808 people
- 833 people1 study
833 community-dwelling older adults: 515 urban from the 3C-Bordeaux cohort and 318 rural from the AMI cohort, with plasma CCL11 by immunoassay and Mini-Mental State Examination as the cognitive measure. CCL11 was higher in rural dwellers, median 145 pg/mL (IQR 115 to 201) versus 103 pg/mL (IQR 85 to 129), p < 0.001....
Experimental Gerontology, 2018 · 833 people
- 536 people1 study1 found nothing
found nothing536 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease, one year, multicentre, double blind, randomised, idebenone 120, 240 or 360 mg three times daily versus placebo. No significant differences between groups on either primary outcome, ADAS-Cog and Clinical Global Impression of Change, in the prespecified four-group design,...
Neurology, 2003 · 536 people
- 347 people2 studies1 found nothing
found nothing347 patients randomised 1:1:1:1 from 496 screened into three plasma exchange arms with different albumin and immunoglobulin replacement doses or sham, with six weeks of weekly conventional exchange then twelve months of monthly low-volume exchange. At month 14, treated patients had 52 percent less decline on...
Alzheimer's and Dementia, 2020 · 347 people
Secondary analysis of the AMBAR randomised trial reporting the neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric and quality-of-life measures alongside the primary cognitive and functional endpoints.
Alzheimer's and Dementia, 2022 · no headcount in the line
- 290 people1 study1 found nothing
found nothing24-week Phase 2 RCT in 290 children: no significant difference from placebo on social withdrawal (least-squares mean difference minus 0.2) or secondary social and cognitive measures.
New England Journal of Medicine, 2021 · 290 people
- 152 people1 study
152 adults aged 55 to 87 (66 with MCI): 20 weeks of tesamorelin 1 mg daily had a favorable effect on cognition (P=.03), mainly executive function, and raised IGF-1 117% within the physiological range.
Archives of Neurology, 2012 · 152 people
- 152 people1 study
152 participants with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease, 90 days. AC-1202 significantly raised serum beta-hydroxybutyrate two hours after dosing. In the intention-to-treat population the ADAS-Cog difference from placebo at day 45 was 1.9 points (p equals 0.0235). The effect was concentrated in the 55 participants...
Nutrition and Metabolism, 2009 · 152 people
- 152 people1 study
152 adults aged 55 to 87, of whom 66 had mild cognitive impairment. Twenty weeks of tesamorelin at 1 mg daily had a favourable effect on cognition, P equal to 0.03, concentrated in executive function, and raised IGF-1 by 117 percent within the physiological range. Note the dose: 1 mg, which is half the dose that...
Archives of Neurology, 2012 · 152 people
- 125 people2 studies1 found nothing
found nothingThe longest resveratrol trial published: 125 postmenopausal women aged 45 to 85, 75 mg twice daily for 12 months then crossover for 12 months. Overall cognitive performance improved 33% versus placebo, though the effect size was small (Cohen's d = 0.170, p = 0.005). Resting cerebral blood flow velocity (d = 0.275, p =...
Clinical Nutrition, 2021 · 125 people
Twenty-two healthy adults, single doses of 250 and 500 mg. Frontal cortex blood flow during cognitive tasks rose dose-dependently by near-infrared spectroscopy, with increased deoxyhaemoglobin suggesting greater oxygen extraction. Cognitive performance itself was not affected. Resveratrol metabolites, not much parent...
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2010 · no headcount in the line
- 123 people1 study
123 participants, roughly half vegetarian. The trial reports no cognitive benefit, with more side effects in the creatine arm than placebo.
BMC Medicine, 2023 · 123 people
- 106 people3 studies
61 community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment randomised to subtherapeutic lithium (0.25 to 0.5 mEq/L) or placebo for 2 years double blind, followed a further 24 months single blind. The placebo group declined cognitively and functionally while the lithium group remained stable; lithium was...
British Journal of Psychiatry, 2019 · 61 people
45 participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment randomised to lithium (titrated to 0.25 to 0.5 mmol/L serum, a subtherapeutic range) or placebo for 12 months. Lithium significantly lowered cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau (p = 0.03) and improved the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease...
British Journal of Psychiatry, 2011 · 45 people
The only randomised trial located at a dose comparable to supplement products: 300 micrograms of lithium once daily for 15 months in Alzheimer's disease patients. The treated group showed no decrease in mini mental state examination performance while controls declined, with differences appearing from three months and...
Current Alzheimer Research, 2013 · no headcount in the line
- 98 people2 studies
64 healthy Japanese adults aged 40 to under 80 randomised for 12 weeks, 58 completed. The PQQ group improved against placebo on Cognitrax composite memory, verbal memory, reaction time, complex attention, cognitive flexibility, executive function and motor speed, and on the two secondary scales. No adverse events....
Journal of the American Nutrition Association, 2022 · 64 people
34 elderly people with mild cognitive impairment, six weeks. The intervention combined PQQ with hydrogen-producing minerals, so nothing can be attributed to PQQ alone. Serum BDNF, the primary endpoint, rose within the active group (p = 0.01) but the between-group interaction was only a non-significant trend. Cerebral...
The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 2024 · 34 people
- 87 people1 study1 found nothing
found nothing87 adults aged 16 to 34 with Down's syndrome randomised to EGCG 9 mg/kg per day or placebo, both with cognitive training, for 12 months; 84 analysed. Differences were not significant on 13 of the 15 tests in the trial battery and on 8 of 9 adaptive skills. Significant gains appeared in visual recognition memory (6.23...
Lancet Neurology, 2016 · 87 people
- 30 people1 study1 found nothing
found nothing30 participants with Alzheimer's disease, 15 per group, given 500 or 1,000 mg twice daily for one month. Both doses were safe and tolerated. The higher dose increased FDG PET glucose uptake across multiple brain regions and raised parietal and frontoparietal glutathione. Blood level changes were not consistent, and...
Alzheimer's and Dementia, 2021 · 30 people
- no headcount stated2 studies2 found nothing
found nothing271 diabetic outpatients aged 70 or over with plasma B12 between 150 and 300 pmol per litre took methylcobalamin at 1,000 micrograms daily or placebo for 27 months. Serum methylmalonic acid and homocysteine fell significantly against placebo at months 9 and 27. There was no significant difference in cognitive decline...
Clinical Nutrition, 2017 · no headcount in the line
found nothing279 outpatients aged 65 or over with mild cognitive impairment and raised homocysteine took methylcobalamin at 500 micrograms plus folic acid, or placebo, for 24 months. Homocysteine fell from 13.9 to 9.3 micromoles per litre. There was no significant difference in cognitive decline at 24 months. A second worked...
Clinical Nutrition, 2020 · no headcount in the line
- no headcount stated2 studies
Secondary analysis of the 112 person phase 2 trial. Placebo-adjusted reductions of 8.6 to 10.8 lapses on the Psychomotor Vigilance Task and 15.5 to 22.5 errors on a paired associate learning test across dose groups, with improvements on executive function tests. Adults 18 to 70 only; 8 weeks.
JAMA Neurology, 2026 · no headcount in the line
Using phase 3 data, a reduction of 2 or more attention lapses was derived as a meaningful within-person change. On that threshold, 66.9 percent of oveporexton participants against 25.7 percent on placebo improved in First Light, and 57.6 against 17.6 percent in Radiant Light (both P at or below 0.0001)....
Therapeutic Innovation and Regulatory Science, 2026 · no headcount in the line
- no headcount stated1 study1 found nothing
found nothingWell tolerated; no significant effect on MCCB cognition, with a modest signal on functional capacity (UPSA).
Schizophrenia Research, 2012 · no headcount in the line
- no headcount stated1 study1 found nothing
found nothing279 outpatients aged 65 or over with mild cognitive impairment and raised homocysteine took methylcobalamin 500 micrograms plus folic acid or placebo for 24 months. Homocysteine fell from 13.9 to 9.3 micromol/L, but there was no significant difference in cognitive decline at 24 months. A concrete example of correcting...
Clinical Nutrition, 2020 · no headcount in the line
- no headcount stated1 study
24 weeks of GlyNAC in older adults corrected glutathione deficiency and improved strength, gait speed and cognition; benefits faded after stopping.
Clinical and Translational Medicine, 2021 · no headcount in the line
- no headcount stated1 study
Double-blind placebo-controlled study in 14 early Alzheimer's and 54 early Parkinson's patients. Buntanetap was safe and well tolerated up to 80 mg daily, with statistically significant improvement on ADAS-Cog11 and WAIS coding in the Alzheimer's group. Small and exploratory; this is the study that justified the Phase...
Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, 2023 · no headcount in the line
- no headcount stated1 study
Connectivity changes; no clinical cognitive outcome.
Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2017 · no headcount in the line
- no headcount stated1 study
Healthy men and women aged 65 to 85 with body mass index 20 to 35, recruited as either inactive or highly active by a rapid activity assessment score and verified by accelerometry. Circulating GPLD1 was measured from fasting blood at a single clinical visit alongside Mini-Mental State Examination, the NIH Toolbox...
GeroScience, 2025 · no headcount in the line
- no headcount stated1 study
30 participants, sponsor AgelessRx (a telehealth prescriber), active not recruiting. Arms combine rapamycin 2 to 6 mg weekly, metformin 500 mg daily, low-dose naltrexone, intranasal NAD+, topical glutathione and a proprietary supplement; primary endpoints VO2 max, a cognitive composite and an inflammation index....
ClinicalTrials.gov, 2025 · no headcount in the line
- no headcount stated1 study
554 randomised, 544 analysed, across 32 NHS memory clinics, 24 months of 400 mg, 200 mg or placebo. Standardised MMSE decline was 4.1 points in the combined minocycline groups against 4.3 on placebo, a difference of 0.1 points (95 percent CI -1.1 to 1.2, p equals 0.90). Activities of daily living worsened equally....
JAMA Neurology, 2020 · no headcount in the line
How this is counted
Human studies only. Animal and test-tube work never enters this ranking, because the question you asked was about a person.
A compound is listed for an outcome only when a citation on its own page states that outcome and reports a result for it. Naming it is not enough: a paper that measures testosterone and reports a result about something else does not count as testosterone evidence, which is a mistake this tool made on its first run and no longer makes.
People counts are read out of the study lines themselves and are deliberate undercounts. Where a line states no number, the study still counts as a study and adds nothing to the headcount. Counts are never added across compounds, because the same person can appear in more than one trial.
Ranking is by people measured. That is a fact about the evidence, not a judgement about the compound, and it is the only ordering this site will defend. A compound at the top of a list is the most studied, which is not the same as the best.
Nothing here is advice, and nothing here is a recommendation to take anything.