The finder
Pick what you want to change. See who actually measured it.
Every other tool like this gives you a compound and a match score. Those scores are not measured. Ours does not exist. What you get instead is what was actually measured and where: trials in people first with the participant count, then the animal and cell work kept separate, then what people using it report, and the trials that found nothing, counted rather than dropped.
82 of the 444 compounds here have never been through a trial in people. That is worth knowing and it is not a verdict: a molecule nobody can patent has no sponsor to pay for a trial, so a thin human record is usually a fact about money rather than about the compound. Where that is the case, this says so and shows you what does exist.
What are you trying to change?
Pick as many as you like. The number on each one is how many people it has been measured in across the whole archive, so you can see where the evidence is before you choose.
Or start from the compounds
Somebody handed you a stack. What is actually known about it?
Add what you are looking at and you get every outcome those compounds have been measured for in people, and then the longer list of the ones they have not.
Blood sugar and insulin
What did it do to blood sugar?
The best-measured area in the entire catalogue, because this is where the drug money went. Numbers here come from trials with tens of thousands of people.
139,450 people · 100 human studies · 64 compounds
- 31,356 people2 studies
ADIPOQ variants as instruments in up to 31,000 people, 2,969 with gold-standard insulin sensitivity, 15,960 diabetes cases and 64,731 controls. Observationally, 1 SD lower adiponectin went with 0.31 SD higher fasting insulin and diabetes odds of 1.75. Genetically lower adiponectin showed no association with fasting...
Diabetes, 2013 · 31,000 people
Gargano Heart Study, 356 patients with type 2 diabetes, mean follow-up 5.4 years, 58 cardiovascular deaths. The ADIPOQ variant rs822354 raised adiponectin and was associated with cardiovascular mortality (incidence rate ratio 1.94, 95 percent CI 1.23 to 3.07), with a genetic effect larger than the observational one,...
Cardiovascular Diabetology, 2016 · 356 people
- 28,250 people4 studies
ORIGIN: 12,537 people with cardiovascular risk factors plus impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes randomised to insulin glargine or standard care, median 6.2 years. Cardiovascular outcomes were neutral (hazard ratio 1.02, 95 percent confidence interval 0.94 to 1.11). Severe...
New England Journal of Medicine, 2012 · 12,537 people
DEVOTE: 7,637 people with type 2 diabetes, 85.2 percent with established cardiovascular or kidney disease, randomised double-blind to insulin degludec or glargine U100. Major cardiovascular events occurred in 8.5 versus 9.3 percent (hazard ratio 0.91, 95 percent confidence interval 0.78 to 1.06, non-inferior). Severe...
New England Journal of Medicine, 2017 · 7,637 people
UKPDS post-trial monitoring of 4,209 randomised participants. Glycaemic differences disappeared within a year of the trial ending, yet at 10 years the sulfonylurea-insulin group retained reductions in any diabetes-related endpoint (9 percent, p = 0.04), microvascular disease (24 percent, p = 0.001), myocardial...
New England Journal of Medicine, 2008 · 4,209 people
- 27,692 people4 studies2 found nothing
found nothingMeta-analysis of 27,527 people across three Japanese cohorts (J-MICC, MEC, TMM): the reduced-function C-allele of m.1382A>C was linked to higher, not lower, prevalence of type 2 diabetes in men, especially sedentary men. In an expanded cohort of 736 centenarians, allele frequency did not differ from controls (7.7% vs...
Aging (Albany NY), 2021 · 27,527 people
125 Chinese adults plus 34 additional Caucasian women without overt type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease: plasma MOTS-c was higher, not lower, in those with metabolic syndrome and rose with android and liver fat, the opposite direction from studies in diabetes and coronary disease.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, General Subjects, 2021 · 125 people
found nothing40 obese children/adolescents versus 57 controls in China: circulating MOTS-c was lower in obese boys (465 vs 584 ng/mL, p<.001) and correlated negatively with BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and HbA1c; no significant difference in girls.
Pediatric Diabetes, 2018 · 40 people
- 15,178 people2 studies
13,299 patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic disease: primary MACE in 12.2% on tirzepatide vs 13.1% on dulaglutide (HR 0.92), meeting noninferiority against an active comparator with proven benefit; basis of the August 2026 cardiovascular indication.
New England Journal of Medicine, 2025 · 13,299 people
1,879 patients over 40 weeks: all tirzepatide doses were noninferior and superior to semaglutide 1 mg for HbA1c, with greater weight loss (up to -5.5 kg more at 15 mg).
New England Journal of Medicine, 2021 · 1,879 people
- 9,340 people1 study
9,340 patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, median 3.8 years: primary MACE in 13.0% on liraglutide vs 14.9% on placebo (HR 0.87, a 13% relative reduction; P=0.01 for superiority).
New England Journal of Medicine, 2016 · 9,340 people
- 7,020 people1 study1 found nothing
found nothingEMPA-REG OUTCOME. 7,020 people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, median observation 3.1 years. The primary composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or nonfatal stroke occurred in 10.5 percent on empagliflozin against 12.1 percent on placebo (hazard ratio 0.86, P = 0.04). Death...
New England Journal of Medicine, 2015 · 7,020 people
- 5,169 people1 study
5,169 Chinese participants with measured osteocalcin, plus bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation against Biobank Japan and East Asian diabetes GWAS. Osteocalcin correlated with lower glucose, insulin resistance, triglycerides, liver fat and BMI, but the causal analysis supported type 2 diabetes lowering...
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2021 · 5,169 people
- 2,181 people3 studies
1,189 overweight adults with type 2 diabetes on metformin randomised open-label to taspoglutide 10 mg weekly (399), 20 mg weekly (398) or exenatide 10 mcg twice daily (392), 24 weeks. HbA1c minus 1.24 and minus 1.31 percentage points against minus 0.98 (P below 0.0001 for both). Weight minus 1.6 and minus 2.3 kg...
Diabetes Care, 2013 · 1,189 people
666 people on metformin randomised double-blind to taspoglutide 10 mg (190) or 20 mg (198) weekly, sitagliptin 100 mg daily (185) or placebo (93), 24 weeks. HbA1c minus 1.23 and minus 1.30 points against minus 0.89 (sitagliptin) and minus 0.10 (placebo); weight minus 1.8 and minus 2.6 kg against minus 0.9 and minus...
Diabetes Therapy, 2012 · 666 people
326 people randomised double-blind to taspoglutide 10 mg, 20 mg or placebo weekly for 24 weeks. HbA1c minus 1.35 and minus 1.40 points against minus 0.45 (P below 0.0001); HbA1c at or below 7 percent in 69.8 and 76.1 percent against 35.1; weight minus 0.64 and minus 1.04 kg against plus 0.59 kg. Nausea 35, 44 and 10...
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2012 · 326 people
- 1,655 people2 studies
841 adults randomised to albiglutide 30 mg weekly (titrated to 50 mg) or liraglutide titrated to 1.8 mg daily, 32 weeks, open-label. HbA1c change minus 0.78 percentage points against minus 0.99; difference 0.21 (95 percent CI 0.08 to 0.34), non-inferiority not met at the 0.3 margin (P equals 0.0846). Injection site...
Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 2014 · 841 people
814 people on basal plus prandial insulin randomised to albiglutide plus glargine with lispro withdrawn (402) or continued lispro plus glargine (412), 26 weeks. HbA1c 6.7 against 6.6 percent, non-inferior; 54 percent on albiglutide stopped all prandial insulin; weight minus 2.0 against plus 2.4 kg; documented...
Diabetes Care, 2020 · 814 people
- 1,298 people2 studies
Phase 3a, 1,206 patients: -13.7% body weight at 68 weeks with CagriSema vs -3.4% with placebo; 73.5% reached HbA1c of 6.5% or lower.
New England Journal of Medicine, 2025 · 1,206 people
92 adults with type 2 diabetes over 32 weeks: body weight change of -15.6% with CagriSema vs -5.1% with semaglutide alone and -8.1% with cagrilintide alone (NCT04982575).
The Lancet, 2023 · 92 people
- 1,261 people2 studies
1,261 non-diabetic participants in the RISC study followed 3 years and 2,580 in the Botnia Prospective Study followed 9.5 years. Alpha-hydroxybutyrate was a positive correlate of insulin resistance and an independent predictor of incident dysglycaemia or type 2 diabetes, adjusted odds ratios 1.25 (95 percent CI 1.00...
Diabetes, 2013 · 1,261 people
The metabolomic screen that identified alpha-hydroxybutyrate, the reduction product of alpha-ketobutyrate, as an early marker of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in non-diabetic people. This is the human context that the lifespan claim sits inside: in people, this branch of metabolism is elevated in the...
PLoS One, 2010 · no headcount in the line
- 1,206 people1 study
1,206 patients with type 2 diabetes: 13.7% weight loss at 68 weeks versus 3.4% with placebo.
New England Journal of Medicine, 2025 · 1,206 people
- 1,147 people3 studies
834 adults with type 2 diabetes and BMI 25 or more on metformin, randomised to cotadutide 100 mcg (100), 200 mcg (256) or 300 mcg (256), placebo (110) or open-label liraglutide 1.8 mg (110) for 54 weeks. HbA1c and weight fell against placebo at weeks 14 and 54 (all P below 0.001). Weight loss at 300 mcg exceeded...
Diabetes Care, 2021 · 834 people
248 people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (mean eGFR 55, 47 percent on SGLT2 inhibitors), 26 weeks, randomised to cotadutide 100, 300 or 600 mcg, placebo, or open-label semaglutide 1 mg weekly. Urine albumin to creatinine ratio fell 43.9 percent at 300 mcg (95 percent CI 30.6 to 54.7) and 49.9 percent...
Kidney International, 2024 · 248 people
Phase 2a, 65 adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity, 49 days of daily cotadutide (50 to 300 mcg) or placebo. Postprandial glucose area under the curve fell 21.5 percent against a 6.3 percent rise on placebo (P below 0.001); weight fell 3.41 percent against 0.08 percent (P equals 0.002); postprandial...
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2020 · 65 people
- 901 people1 study
Phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging. 901 participants treated with at least one dose, 512 in the type 2 diabetes cohort and 389 in the obesity cohort. Terminated early for safety reasons after routine data and monitoring review, with planned analyses modified before unblinding. HbA1c...
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2025 · 901 people
- 731 people1 study
Phase 3 in 731 adults: both mazdutide doses were superior to dulaglutide 1.5 mg for HbA1c and produced 3.8 to 5.8 percentage points more weight loss at 28 weeks.
Nature, 2026 · 731 people
- 651 people1 study
651 people with type 1 diabetes, 52 weeks, randomised. HbA1c fell 0.29 to 0.34 percentage points against 0.04 on placebo. Statistically clear and clinically modest, and the page says so rather than rounding it up.
Diabetic Medicine, 2004 · 651 people
- 599 people1 study
599 patients: weekly dulaglutide 1.5 mg was noninferior to daily liraglutide 1.8 mg for HbA1c reduction at 26 weeks.
The Lancet, 2014 · 599 people
- 560 people3 studies1 found nothing
273 treatment-naive adults at 30 Chinese centres, randomised 1:1 to 150 micrograms weekly or placebo for 24 weeks, then all on active drug to week 52. At week 24 glycated haemoglobin fell 1.36 percentage points against 0.63 on placebo, a difference of 0.73 points. 50.4 percent reached below 7.0 percent against 14.2...
The Lancet Regional Health Western Pacific, 2024 · 273 people
251 treatment-naive Chinese patients randomised to placebo or 75, 150 or 200 micrograms weekly for 12 weeks. Glycated haemoglobin differences against placebo were 0.72, 1.18 and 1.02 percentage points, with the middle dose performing best rather than the highest, which is why 150 micrograms went forward. No...
Diabetologia, 2021 · 251 people
found nothing36 Chinese patients randomised to 25 or 50 micrograms weekly or to twice-daily exenatide for 12 weeks, with oral mixed meal tolerance tests modelled to estimate beta cell function and insulin sensitivity. Both treatments raised beta cell function parameters, disposition index and insulin secretion rates against their...
Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2023 · 36 people
- 480 people3 studies
52-week trial in 480 patients with type 1 diabetes: pramlintide lowered HbA1c by 0.67% versus 0.16% for placebo at week 13, with weight loss rather than gain and no rise in severe hypoglycemia.
Diabetes Care, 2002 · 480 people
Pooled analysis of two long-term trials: placebo-corrected reductions of 0.41% in HbA1c and 1.8 kg in weight at 26 weeks, with lower insulin use.
Obesity Research, 2004 · no headcount in the line
FDA-approved label: adjunct to mealtime insulin in type 1 and type 2 diabetes; boxed warning for severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia and a 50% mealtime insulin reduction at initiation.
U.S. FDA (Drugs@FDA label), 2015 · no headcount in the line
- 361 people4 studies2 found nothing
361 Chinese patients with inadequate glycaemic control randomised to placebo, 100 or 200 micrograms weekly for 24 weeks, then a 28 week extension. Glycated haemoglobin fell 1.02 percentage points on 100 micrograms and 1.34 on 200 against 0.17 on placebo. 34.7 percent and 46.6 percent reached below 7 percent against...
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2021 · 361 people
found nothingThe add-on registration trial across 44 Chinese sites, randomised to metformin plus placebo, plus 100 micrograms or plus 200 micrograms, 24 weeks core plus 28 week extension. Glycated haemoglobin fell 1.16 and 1.14 percentage points against a rise of 0.35 on placebo. 37.4 and 40.6 percent reached below 7.0 percent...
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2020 · no headcount in the line
Single-centre, single-blind trial, 123 enrolled and 105 completed, randomised to 300 or 400 micrograms weekly or placebo for 24 weeks. Weight fell 16.34 kg on 300 micrograms and 21.14 kg on 400 against 6.75 kg on placebo. Glycated haemoglobin fell 1.02 and 1.34 percentage points against 0.50. Adverse drug reactions...
Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2026 · no headcount in the line
- 357 people8 studies7 found nothing
found nothingThe largest and longest diabetes trial here: 192 patients, 40 or 500 mg per day for six months. CRP fell 5.6% and 15.9% versus placebo but not significantly, and there was no significant change in weight, BMI, waist, blood pressure, fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin, C-peptide, free fatty acids, liver enzymes, uric...
Pharmacological Research, 2016 · 192 people
found nothingThe longest resveratrol trial published: 125 postmenopausal women aged 45 to 85, 75 mg twice daily for 12 months then crossover for 12 months. Overall cognitive performance improved 33% versus placebo, though the effect size was small (Cohen's d = 0.170, p = 0.005). Resting cerebral blood flow velocity (d = 0.275, p =...
Clinical Nutrition, 2021 · 125 people
found nothingNineteen patients, double-blind, 2 x 5 mg per day for four weeks. HOMA-IR and urinary ortho-tyrosine fell and the platelet pAkt:Akt ratio rose; beta-cell function (HOMA-B) did not change. Notable because the dose is a hundredth of what most positive trials use, which cuts against a simple dose-response story.
British Journal of Nutrition, 2011 · 19 people
- 336 people1 study
336 patients at 82 US sites: HbA1c fell 0.78% (10 mcg twice daily) and 0.40% (5 mcg) versus a 0.08% rise on placebo, with dose-dependent weight loss of up to 2.8 kg.
Diabetes Care, 2005 · 336 people
- 314 people1 study
Retrospective observational data on 314 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes treated between 2017 and 2018. After three months, weight fell 10.05 kg and glycated haemoglobin 2.87 percentage points, with 84.96 percent losing at least 5 percent of body weight. These figures are far larger than the randomised phase 3...
Obesity Science and Practice, 2019 · 314 people
- 272 people1 study
Open-label phase 2b trial at 37 Chinese sites, 272 adults with type 2 diabetes, mean baseline glycated haemoglobin 8.35 percent. At week 24 the change from baseline was minus 1.87, minus 2.28 and minus 1.94 percentage points for bofanglutide 12, 18 and 24 mg every two weeks, minus 2.32 for 24 mg weekly, and minus 1.60...
Annals of Internal Medicine, 2026 · 272 people
How this is counted
Human studies only. Animal and test-tube work never enters this ranking, because the question you asked was about a person.
A compound is listed for an outcome only when a citation on its own page states that outcome and reports a result for it. Naming it is not enough: a paper that measures testosterone and reports a result about something else does not count as testosterone evidence, which is a mistake this tool made on its first run and no longer makes.
People counts are read out of the study lines themselves and are deliberate undercounts. Where a line states no number, the study still counts as a study and adds nothing to the headcount. Counts are never added across compounds, because the same person can appear in more than one trial.
Ranking is by people measured. That is a fact about the evidence, not a judgement about the compound, and it is the only ordering this site will defend. A compound at the top of a list is the most studied, which is not the same as the best.
Nothing here is advice, and nothing here is a recommendation to take anything.